EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Phyllanthus niruri L.

Family:: Phyllanthaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1484
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: alkaloids from roots #2: alkaloids from stem #3: alkaloids from leaf #4: Naphthoquinones in aerial parts #5: Anthraquinones in aerial parts #6: saponins #7: alkaloids #8: tannins #9: Saponins #10: Geraniin #11: Methyl brevifolincarboxylate (coumarin) in leaves #12: Corilagin #13: Repandusinic acid in leaves #14: Lignans

Endpoint Studies

#1: body weight gain was lower in the group treated with a dose of 150 mg/kg/day

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Chauhan, Preeta., Kumar, Padma. Influence of alkylating agent (EMS) on production of alkaloid contents in Phyllanthus niruri. international journal of plant sciences (muzaffarnagar, india), 2007, p. 219–220. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethyl methane sulphonate
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.7420
Internal remarks:

alkaloids from roots

Composition #2: Chauhan, Preeta., Kumar, Padma. Influence of alkylating agent (EMS) on production of alkaloid contents in Phyllanthus niruri. international journal of plant sciences (muzaffarnagar, india), 2007, p. 219–220. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethyl methane sulphonate
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.7800
Internal remarks:

alkaloids from stem

Composition #3: Chauhan, Preeta., Kumar, Padma. Influence of alkylating agent (EMS) on production of alkaloid contents in Phyllanthus niruri. international journal of plant sciences (muzaffarnagar, india), 2007, p. 219–220. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethyl methane sulphonate
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.6270
Internal remarks:

alkaloids from leaf

Composition #4: Nascimenlo, J.E., Melo, A.F.M., Lima E Silva, T.C., Veras Filho, J., Santos, E.M., Albuquerque, U.P., Amorim, E.L.C. Phytochemical screening and toxicological bioassay with brine shrimp larvae (Artemia salina Leachj of three medicinal species of the genus Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) Estudo Fitoquímico e bioensaio toxicológico frentea larvasde Artemia salina Leach.detrěs espécies medicinais do gěnero Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) . revista de ciencias farmaceuticas basica e aplicada, 2008, vol. 29, no. 2, p. 143–148. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol 96%
Substance:

Naphthoquinones (RF-00010839-PAR)
Additional substance description:

anthraquinones and anthraquinone glycosides
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Naphthoquinones in aerial parts

Composition #5: Nascimenlo, J.E., Melo, A.F.M., Lima E Silva, T.C., Veras Filho, J., Santos, E.M., Albuquerque, U.P., Amorim, E.L.C. Phytochemical screening and toxicological bioassay with brine shrimp larvae (Artemia salina Leachj of three medicinal species of the genus Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) Estudo Fitoquímico e bioensaio toxicológico frentea larvasde Artemia salina Leach.detrěs espécies medicinais do gěnero Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) . revista de ciencias farmaceuticas basica e aplicada, 2008, vol. 29, no. 2, p. 143–148. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol 96%
Substance:

anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
Additional substance description:

anthraquinones and anthraquinone glycosides
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Anthraquinones in aerial parts

Composition #6: Eze, C.O., Nworu, C.S., Esimone, C.O., Okore, V.C. Immunomodulatory activities of methanol extract of the whole aerial part of Phyllantus niruri L. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 2014, vol. 6, no. 4, p. 41–46. DOI: 10.5897/JPP2013.0305. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

saponins

Composition #7: Eze, C.O., Nworu, C.S., Esimone, C.O., Okore, V.C. Immunomodulatory activities of methanol extract of the whole aerial part of Phyllantus niruri L. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 2014, vol. 6, no. 4, p. 41–46. DOI: 10.5897/JPP2013.0305. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids

Composition #8: Eze, C.O., Nworu, C.S., Esimone, C.O., Okore, V.C. Immunomodulatory activities of methanol extract of the whole aerial part of Phyllantus niruri L. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 2014, vol. 6, no. 4, p. 41–46. DOI: 10.5897/JPP2013.0305. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tannins

Composition #9: Bagalkotkar, G., Sagineedu, S. R., Saad, M. S., Stanslas, J. Phytochemicals from Phyllanthus niruri Linn. and their pharmacological properties: a review . journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 2006, vol. 58, no. 12, p. 1559–1570. DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.12.0001. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #10: Bagalkotkar, G., Sagineedu, S. R., Saad, M. S., Stanslas, J. Phytochemicals from Phyllanthus niruri Linn. and their pharmacological properties: a review . journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 2006, vol. 58, no. 12, p. 1559–1570. DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.12.0001. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

Geraniin (RF-00003830-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Geraniin

Composition #11: Bagalkotkar, G., Sagineedu, S. R., Saad, M. S., Stanslas, J. Phytochemicals from Phyllanthus niruri Linn. and their pharmacological properties: a review . journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 2006, vol. 58, no. 12, p. 1559–1570. DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.12.0001. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Methyl brevifolincarboxylate
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Methyl brevifolincarboxylate (coumarin) in leaves

Composition #12: Bagalkotkar, G., Sagineedu, S. R., Saad, M. S., Stanslas, J. Phytochemicals from Phyllanthus niruri Linn. and their pharmacological properties: a review . journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 2006, vol. 58, no. 12, p. 1559–1570. DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.12.0001. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

corilagin (RF-00003751-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Repandusinic acid
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Corilagin

Composition #13: Bagalkotkar, G., Sagineedu, S. R., Saad, M. S., Stanslas, J. Phytochemicals from Phyllanthus niruri Linn. and their pharmacological properties: a review . journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 2006, vol. 58, no. 12, p. 1559–1570. DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.12.0001. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Repandusinic acid
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Repandusinic acid in leaves

Composition #14: Bagalkotkar, G., Sagineedu, S. R., Saad, M. S., Stanslas, J. Phytochemicals from Phyllanthus niruri Linn. and their pharmacological properties: a review . journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 2006, vol. 58, no. 12, p. 1559–1570. DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.12.0001. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

lignans (RF-00004361-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Niranthin, nirtetralin, phyltetralin, lintetralin, phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, Isolintetralin, 2,3-desmethoxy seco-isolintetralin, 2,3-desmethoxy seco-isolintetralin diacetate, linnanthin, demethylenedioxyniranthin, nirphyllin and phyllnirurin etc.
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Lignans

Endpoint study #1: de Queiroz, Fernando Marlisson., de Oliveira Matias, Kayo Wanderson., Freire da Cunha, Mylena Mylana., Schwarz, Aline. Evaluation of (anti) genotoxic activities of Phyllanthus niruri L. in rat bone marrow using the micronucleus test. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, 2013, vol. 49, no. 1, p. 135–148. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Exposure duration:

30.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

12
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

250
Effect description:

body weight gain was lower in the group treated with a dose of 150 mg/kg/day
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

body weight (CHD005BE)
Internal remarks:

body weight gain was lower in the group treated with a dose of 150 mg/kg/day