EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Dermatophyllum secundiflorum (Ortega) Gandhi & Reveal // Calia secundiflora (Ortega) Yakovlev // Sophora secundiflora (Ortega) Lag. ex DC.

Family:: Fabaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 118
Number of processed references:: 13

Compositions

#1: Thermopsine in seeds #2: Cytisine in plants #3: Lupanine in seeds #4: N-methylcytisine in seeds #5: Sparteine in seeds #6: Anagyrine in seeds #7: Sparteine and 13-hydroxysparteine in leaves #8: 11-oxocytisine (an alkaloid) in leaves #9: Baptifoline in leaves #10: N-methylcytisine in leaves #11: Argentine (an alkaloid) in leaves #12: Lupinine in leaves #13: Cytisine in leaves #14: Prunetin in stems #15: Genistein in stems #16: Biochanin A in stems #17: Formononetin in stems #18: Quinolizidine alkaloids in leaves #19: N-methylcytisine in aerial parts (leaves and stems) #20: Cytisine in aerial parts (leaves and stems) #21: Lupanine in aerial parts (leaves and stems) #22: Anagyrine in aerial parts (leaves and stems) #23: Sparteine in aerial parts (leaves and stems) #24: Pipecolic acid and 4-hydroxy-pipecolic acid in seeds #25: beta-Isosparteine in fruits #26: N-methylcytisine in fruits #27: Lupanine in fruits #28: 11-allylcytisine (an alkaloid) in fruits #29: Sparteine in fruits #30: Quinolizidine alkaloids in stems #31: Calycosin in roots #32: Formononetin in roots #33: Genstein in roots #34: Formononetin in roots #35: Calycosin in roots #36: Pratensein in roots

Endpoint Studies

#1: Gastrointestinal effects in humans who ingested seeds #2: Hallucinations in one human case who ingested unknown plant part #3: Neurologic effects and mortality in humans (review - no details)

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Abdel-Baky, A. M., Makboul, M. A. Sparteine and 13-hydroxy sparteine from leaves of Sophora secundiflora (Orteg.)Lag. bulletin of pharmaceutical sciences, assiut university, 1985, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 99–108. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Thermopsine (RF-00003604-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

(referenced from prior source, no details)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Thermopsine in seeds

Composition #2: Abdel-Baky, A. M., Makboul, M. A. Sparteine and 13-hydroxy sparteine from leaves of Sophora secundiflora (Orteg.)Lag. bulletin of pharmaceutical sciences, assiut university, 1985, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 99–108. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

Cytisine (RF-00003762-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

(referenced from prior source, no details)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cytisine in plants

Composition #3: Abdel-Baky, A. M., Makboul, M. A. Sparteine and 13-hydroxy sparteine from leaves of Sophora secundiflora (Orteg.)Lag. bulletin of pharmaceutical sciences, assiut university, 1985, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 99–108. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Lupanine (RF-00003910-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

(referenced from prior source, no details)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Lupanine in seeds

Composition #4: Abdel-Baky, A. M., Makboul, M. A. Sparteine and 13-hydroxy sparteine from leaves of Sophora secundiflora (Orteg.)Lag. bulletin of pharmaceutical sciences, assiut university, 1985, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 99–108. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

N-Methylcytisine (RF-00003492-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

(referenced from prior source, no details)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

N-methylcytisine in seeds

Composition #5: Abdel-Baky, A. M., Makboul, M. A. Sparteine and 13-hydroxy sparteine from leaves of Sophora secundiflora (Orteg.)Lag. bulletin of pharmaceutical sciences, assiut university, 1985, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 99–108. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

(-)-Sparteine (RF-00004059-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

(referenced from prior source, no details)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Sparteine in seeds

Composition #6: Abdel-Baky, A. M., Makboul, M. A. Sparteine and 13-hydroxy sparteine from leaves of Sophora secundiflora (Orteg.)Lag. bulletin of pharmaceutical sciences, assiut university, 1985, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 99–108. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Anagyrine (RF-00004802-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

(referenced from prior source, no details)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Anagyrine in seeds

Composition #7: Abdel-Baky, A. M., Makboul, M. A. Sparteine and 13-hydroxy sparteine from leaves of Sophora secundiflora (Orteg.)Lag. bulletin of pharmaceutical sciences, assiut university, 1985, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 99–108. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

"alkaloid fraction", then chloroform for chromatography
Substance:

(-)-Sparteine (RF-00004059-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Also: 13-hydroxysparteine, a related quinolizidine alkaloid
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: IR, NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Sparteine and 13-hydroxysparteine in leaves

Composition #8: Murakoshi, Isamu., Kubo, Hajime., Ikram, Mohammad., Israr, Mohammad., Shafi, Nusrat., Ohmiya, Shigeru., Otomasu, Hirotaka. (+)-11-Oxocytisine, a lupine alkaloid from leaves of Sophora secundiflora. phytochemistry, 1986, vol. 25, no. 8, p. 2000–2. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

"11-oxocytisine" (an alkaloid)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: GC-MS
Result unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9
Internal remarks:

11-oxocytisine (an alkaloid) in leaves

Composition #9: Murakoshi, Isamu., Kubo, Hajime., Ikram, Mohammad., Israr, Mohammad., Shafi, Nusrat., Ohmiya, Shigeru., Otomasu, Hirotaka. (+)-11-Oxocytisine, a lupine alkaloid from leaves of Sophora secundiflora. phytochemistry, 1986, vol. 25, no. 8, p. 2000–2. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

baptifoline (RF-00004172-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: GC-MS
Result unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5
Internal remarks:

Baptifoline in leaves

Composition #10: Makboul, A. M., Abdel-Baky, A. M., Bishay, D. W. Argentine, lupinine, cytisine and N-methylcytisine alkaloids from Sophora secundiflora cultivated in Egypt. bulletin of pharmaceutical sciences, assiut university, 1987, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 47–54. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

1.2 kg of dried, powdered leaves extracted with ethanol
Substance:

N-Methylcytisine (RF-00003492-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: IR, MS
Result unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

60
Internal remarks:

N-methylcytisine in leaves

Composition #11: Makboul, A. M., Abdel-Baky, A. M., Bishay, D. W. Argentine, lupinine, cytisine and N-methylcytisine alkaloids from Sophora secundiflora cultivated in Egypt. bulletin of pharmaceutical sciences, assiut university, 1987, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 47–54. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

1.2 kg of dried, powdered leaves extracted with ethanol
Substance:

Quinolizidine alkaloids (RF-00004327-PAR)
Additional substance description:

argentine (an alkaloid)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: IR, MS
Result unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

600
Internal remarks:

Argentine (an alkaloid) in leaves

Composition #12: Makboul, A. M., Abdel-Baky, A. M., Bishay, D. W. Argentine, lupinine, cytisine and N-methylcytisine alkaloids from Sophora secundiflora cultivated in Egypt. bulletin of pharmaceutical sciences, assiut university, 1987, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 47–54. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

1.2 kg of dried, powdered leaves extracted with ethanol
Substance:

Lupinine (RF-00003912-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: IR, MS
Result unit:

Gram (G148A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.2
Internal remarks:

Lupinine in leaves

Composition #13: Makboul, A. M., Abdel-Baky, A. M., Bishay, D. W. Argentine, lupinine, cytisine and N-methylcytisine alkaloids from Sophora secundiflora cultivated in Egypt. bulletin of pharmaceutical sciences, assiut university, 1987, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 47–54. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

1.2 kg of dried, powdered leaves extracted with ethanol
Substance:

Cytisine (RF-00003762-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: IR, MS
Result unit:

Gram (G148A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2
Internal remarks:

Cytisine in leaves

Composition #14: Tanaka, T., Ohyama, M., Iinuma, M., Shirataki, Y., Komatsu, M., Burandt, CL. Isoflavonoids from Sophora secundiflora, S-arizonica and S-gypsophila. phytochemistry, 1998, vol. 48, no. 7, p. 1187–1193. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00802-9. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone
Substance:

Prunetin (RF-00011016-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: EIMS, UV, IR
Result unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5
Internal remarks:

Prunetin in stems

Composition #15: Tanaka, T., Ohyama, M., Iinuma, M., Shirataki, Y., Komatsu, M., Burandt, CL. Isoflavonoids from Sophora secundiflora, S-arizonica and S-gypsophila. phytochemistry, 1998, vol. 48, no. 7, p. 1187–1193. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00802-9. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone
Substance:

genistein (RF-00000297-NTR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: EIMS, UV, IR
Result unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9
Internal remarks:

Genistein in stems

Composition #16: Tanaka, T., Ohyama, M., Iinuma, M., Shirataki, Y., Komatsu, M., Burandt, CL. Isoflavonoids from Sophora secundiflora, S-arizonica and S-gypsophila. phytochemistry, 1998, vol. 48, no. 7, p. 1187–1193. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00802-9. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone
Substance:

biochanin-A (RF-00004182-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: EIMS, UV, IR
Result unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3
Internal remarks:

Biochanin A in stems

Composition #17: Tanaka, T., Ohyama, M., Iinuma, M., Shirataki, Y., Komatsu, M., Burandt, CL. Isoflavonoids from Sophora secundiflora, S-arizonica and S-gypsophila. phytochemistry, 1998, vol. 48, no. 7, p. 1187–1193. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00802-9. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone
Substance:

formononetin (RF-00000291-NTR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: EIMS, UV, IR
Result unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

52
Internal remarks:

Formononetin in stems

Composition #18: Kite, GC., Pennington, RT. Quinolizidine alkaloid status of Styphnolobium and Cladrastis (Leguminosae). biochemical systematics and ecology, 2003, vol. 31, no. 12, p. 1409–1416. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00118-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

HCl, ammonium hydroxide, dichloromethane
Substance:

Quinolizidine alkaloids (RF-00004327-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Specific ones not already coded elsewhere: alpha-isosparteine, 11,12-dehydrosparteine, 5,6-dehyrolupanine, rhombifoline, 11-allylcytisine, anagyrine, 13-beta-acetoxyanagyrine
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Quinolizidine alkaloids in leaves

Composition #19: Lee, Stephen T., Cook, Daniel., Molyneux, Russell J., Davis, T. Zane., Gardner, Dale R. Alkaloid profiles of Dermatophyllum arizonicum, Dermatophyllum gypsophilum, Dermatophyllum secundiflorum, Styphnolobium affine, and Styphnolobium japonicum previously classified as Sophora species. biochemical systematics and ecology, 2013, vol. 49, p. 87–93. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2013.03.018. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

leaves and stem extracted separately: 1 N HCl (4.0 mL) and CHCl3 (4.0 mL) for 15 min
Substance:

N-Methylcytisine (RF-00003492-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: GC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.0098-0.12
Internal remarks:

N-methylcytisine in aerial parts (leaves and stems)

Composition #20: Lee, Stephen T., Cook, Daniel., Molyneux, Russell J., Davis, T. Zane., Gardner, Dale R. Alkaloid profiles of Dermatophyllum arizonicum, Dermatophyllum gypsophilum, Dermatophyllum secundiflorum, Styphnolobium affine, and Styphnolobium japonicum previously classified as Sophora species. biochemical systematics and ecology, 2013, vol. 49, p. 87–93. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2013.03.018. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

leaves and stem extracted separately: 1 N HCl (4.0 mL) and CHCl3 (4.0 mL) for 15 min
Substance:

Cytisine (RF-00003762-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Also measured were related compounds (unclear if they are in group of concern): 11-allylcytisine (0.1-0.21%) and Cytisine-12-carboxyethyl ester (0.21-0.35)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: GC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.067-0.92
Internal remarks:

Cytisine in aerial parts (leaves and stems)

Composition #21: Lee, Stephen T., Cook, Daniel., Molyneux, Russell J., Davis, T. Zane., Gardner, Dale R. Alkaloid profiles of Dermatophyllum arizonicum, Dermatophyllum gypsophilum, Dermatophyllum secundiflorum, Styphnolobium affine, and Styphnolobium japonicum previously classified as Sophora species. biochemical systematics and ecology, 2013, vol. 49, p. 87–93. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2013.03.018. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

leaves and stem extracted separately: 1 N HCl (4.0 mL) and CHCl3 (4.0 mL) for 15 min
Substance:

Lupanine (RF-00003910-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: GC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.010-0.028
Internal remarks:

Lupanine in aerial parts (leaves and stems)

Composition #22: Lee, Stephen T., Cook, Daniel., Molyneux, Russell J., Davis, T. Zane., Gardner, Dale R. Alkaloid profiles of Dermatophyllum arizonicum, Dermatophyllum gypsophilum, Dermatophyllum secundiflorum, Styphnolobium affine, and Styphnolobium japonicum previously classified as Sophora species. biochemical systematics and ecology, 2013, vol. 49, p. 87–93. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2013.03.018. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

leaves and stem extracted separately: 1 N HCl (4.0 mL) and CHCl3 (4.0 mL) for 15 min
Substance:

Anagyrine (RF-00004802-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: GC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.14-0.29
Internal remarks:

Anagyrine in aerial parts (leaves and stems)

Composition #23: Lee, Stephen T., Cook, Daniel., Molyneux, Russell J., Davis, T. Zane., Gardner, Dale R. Alkaloid profiles of Dermatophyllum arizonicum, Dermatophyllum gypsophilum, Dermatophyllum secundiflorum, Styphnolobium affine, and Styphnolobium japonicum previously classified as Sophora species. biochemical systematics and ecology, 2013, vol. 49, p. 87–93. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2013.03.018. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

leaves and stem extracted separately: 1 N HCl (4.0 mL) and CHCl3 (4.0 mL) for 15 min
Substance:

(-)-Sparteine (RF-00004059-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: GC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.0087-0.33
Internal remarks:

Sparteine in aerial parts (leaves and stems)

Composition #24: IZADDOOST, M., HARRIS, BG., GRACY, RW. STRUCTURE AND TOXICITY OF ALKALOIDS AND AMINO-ACIDS OF SOPHORA-SECUNDIFLORA. journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 1976, vol. 65, no. 3, p. 352–354. DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600650309. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether, chloroform and ammonium hydroxide, ethanol
Substance:

Pipecolic acid (-)- (RF-00010933-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Also related compound: 4-hydroxy-pipecolic acid (26.0-32.0 macromoles per gram seeds)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Value (concentration, content):

traces
Internal remarks:

Pipecolic acid and 4-hydroxy-pipecolic acid in seeds

Composition #25: KELLER, WJ., HATFIELD, M. 11-ALLYLCYTISINE AND OTHER MINOR ALKALOIDS FROM UNRIPE SOPHORA-SECUNDIFLORA FRUITS. phytochemistry, 1979, vol. 18, no. 12, p. 2068–2069. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82754-5. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Isosparteine (RF-00005708-PAR)
Additional substance description:

beta-isosparteine (related to sparteine, compound of concern)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

beta-Isosparteine in fruits

Composition #26: KELLER, WJ., HATFIELD, M. 11-ALLYLCYTISINE AND OTHER MINOR ALKALOIDS FROM UNRIPE SOPHORA-SECUNDIFLORA FRUITS. phytochemistry, 1979, vol. 18, no. 12, p. 2068–2069. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82754-5. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

N-Methylcytisine (RF-00003492-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

N-methylcytisine in fruits

Composition #27: KELLER, WJ., HATFIELD, M. 11-ALLYLCYTISINE AND OTHER MINOR ALKALOIDS FROM UNRIPE SOPHORA-SECUNDIFLORA FRUITS. phytochemistry, 1979, vol. 18, no. 12, p. 2068–2069. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82754-5. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Lupanine (RF-00003910-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Lupanine in fruits

Composition #28: KELLER, WJ., HATFIELD, M. 11-ALLYLCYTISINE AND OTHER MINOR ALKALOIDS FROM UNRIPE SOPHORA-SECUNDIFLORA FRUITS. phytochemistry, 1979, vol. 18, no. 12, p. 2068–2069. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82754-5. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

"11-allylcytisine"
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

11-allylcytisine (an alkaloid) in fruits

Composition #29: KELLER, WJ., HATFIELD, M. 11-ALLYLCYTISINE AND OTHER MINOR ALKALOIDS FROM UNRIPE SOPHORA-SECUNDIFLORA FRUITS. phytochemistry, 1979, vol. 18, no. 12, p. 2068–2069. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82754-5. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

(-)-Sparteine (RF-00004059-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Sparteine in fruits

Composition #30: CHAVEZ, PI., SULLIVAN, G. A QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF THE QUINOLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS OF THE FASCIATED AND NORMAL STEMS OF SOPHORA-SECUNDIFLORA. journal of natural products, 1984, vol. 47, no. 4, p. 735–736. DOI: 10.1021/np50034a035. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Quinolizidine alkaloids (RF-00004327-PAR)
Additional substance description:

"cytisine, sparteine, anagyrine, N-methylcytisine, 5,6-dehydrolupanine, rhombifoline, lupanine, epi-lupinine, N-acetylcytisine, and N-formylcytisine
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Quinolizidine alkaloids in stems

Composition #31: IINUMA, M., OHYAMA, M., TANAKA, T., SHIRATAKI, Y., BURANDT, CL. ISOFLAVONOIDS IN ROOTS OF SOPHORA-SECUNDIFLORA. phytochemistry, 1995, vol. 39, no. 4, p. 907–910. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(95)93530-S. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone
Substance:

calycosin (RF-00004191-PAR)
Result unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

120
Internal remarks:

Calycosin in roots

Composition #32: IINUMA, M., OHYAMA, M., TANAKA, T., SHIRATAKI, Y., BURANDT, CL. ISOFLAVONOIDS IN ROOTS OF SOPHORA-SECUNDIFLORA. phytochemistry, 1995, vol. 39, no. 4, p. 907–910. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(95)93530-S. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone
Substance:

formononetin (RF-00000291-NTR)
Result unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6
Internal remarks:

Formononetin in roots

Composition #33: IINUMA, M., OHYAMA, M., TANAKA, T., SHIRATAKI, Y., BURANDT, CL. ISOFLAVONOIDS IN ROOTS OF SOPHORA-SECUNDIFLORA. phytochemistry, 1995, vol. 39, no. 4, p. 907–910. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(95)93530-S. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone
Substance:

genistein (RF-00000297-NTR)
Result unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4
Internal remarks:

Genstein in roots

Composition #34: Shirataki, Y., Yoshida, S., Sugita, Y., Yokoe, I., Komatsu, M., Ohyama, M., Tanaka, T., Iinuma, M. Isoflavanones in roots of Sophora secundiflora. phytochemistry, 1997, vol. 44, no. 4, p. 715–718. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00582-1. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, followed by ethanol and water
Substance:

formononetin (RF-00000291-NTR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: MS
Result unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

142
Internal remarks:

Formononetin in roots

Composition #35: Shirataki, Y., Yoshida, S., Sugita, Y., Yokoe, I., Komatsu, M., Ohyama, M., Tanaka, T., Iinuma, M. Isoflavanones in roots of Sophora secundiflora. phytochemistry, 1997, vol. 44, no. 4, p. 715–718. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00582-1. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, followed by ethanol and water
Substance:

calycosin (RF-00004191-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: MS
Result unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

234
Internal remarks:

Calycosin in roots

Composition #36: Shirataki, Y., Yoshida, S., Sugita, Y., Yokoe, I., Komatsu, M., Ohyama, M., Tanaka, T., Iinuma, M. Isoflavanones in roots of Sophora secundiflora. phytochemistry, 1997, vol. 44, no. 4, p. 715–718. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00582-1. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, followed by ethanol and water
Substance:

Pratensein (RF-00011015-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: MS
Result unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9
Internal remarks:

Pratensein in roots

Endpoint study #1: Roth, Brett., Domanski, Kristina. Sophora secundiflora ingestions reported to poison centers. clinical toxicology, 2017, vol. 55, no. 7, p. 747–747. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional plant/substance description:

other plant parts consumed in some cases; review of case reports to poison control centers
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

Vomiting, nausea and abdominal pain
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

not reported (CHD030BE)
Internal remarks:

Gastrointestinal effects in humans who ingested seeds

Endpoint study #2: Roth, Brett., Domanski, Kristina. Sophora secundiflora ingestions reported to poison centers. clinical toxicology, 2017, vol. 55, no. 7, p. 747–747. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Additional plant/substance description:

plant part unspecified for this case
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Brain (TT034A)
Effect description:

Hallucinations
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

not reported (CHD030BE)
Internal remarks:

Hallucinations in one human case who ingested unknown plant part

Endpoint study #3: STEGER, RE. NATIVE PLANTS POISONOUS TO HUMANS. journal of range management, 1972, vol. 25, no. 1, p. 71–&. DOI: 10.2307/3896672. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional plant/substance description:

review article - no details given
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

Excitement and delirium followed by deep sleep for 2-3 days. May cause death when ground.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

Neurologic effects and mortality in humans (review - no details)