EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Trifoliate orange (as plant) // Citrus trifoliata L. // Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.

Family:: Rutaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 4030
Number of processed references:: 6

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Weinstein, Boris., Craig, Alan R., Fuller, Leonard W., Kang, Jung-Bu., McBreen, Scott A. Furanocoumarins from Poncirus trifoliata and Ptelea baldwinii. phytochemistry (elsevier), 1972, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 1530. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

light petroleum
Substance:

Furanocoumarins (RF-00004381-PAR)
Additional substance description:

imperatorin and heraclenin (prangenin)
Analytical method code:

Element spectroscopy (F051A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

imperatorin and heraclenin (prangenin) in seeds

Composition #2: Guiotto, A., Rodighiero, P., Fornasiero, U. Furocoumarins from the seeds of Citrus trifoliata. zeitschrift fuer naturforschung, teil c: biochemie, biophysik, biologie, virologie, 1973, vol. 28, no. 5-6, p. 260–3. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

benzene - petroleum ether - ethyl acetate
Substance:

Bergapten (RF-00003837-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.06
Internal remarks:

bergapten in seeds

Composition #3: Guiotto, A., Rodighiero, P., Fornasiero, U. Furocoumarins from the seeds of Citrus trifoliata. zeitschrift fuer naturforschung, teil c: biochemie, biophysik, biologie, virologie, 1973, vol. 28, no. 5-6, p. 260–3. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

benzene - petroleum ether - ethyl acetate
Substance:

Furanocoumarins (RF-00004381-PAR)
Additional substance description:

isopimpinellin, prangenin and prangenin hydrate
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

< 0.01
Internal remarks:

isopimpinellin, prangenin and prangenin hydrate in seeds

Composition #4: Guiotto, A., Rodighiero, P., Fornasiero, U. Furocoumarins from the seeds of Citrus trifoliata. zeitschrift fuer naturforschung, teil c: biochemie, biophysik, biologie, virologie, 1973, vol. 28, no. 5-6, p. 260–3. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

benzene - petroleum ether - ethyl acetate
Substance:

imperatorin (RF-00003874-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.15
Internal remarks:

imperatorin in seeds

Composition #5: Nordby, Harold E., Nagy, Steven. Chemotaxonomic study of neutral coumarins in roots of Citrus and Poncirus by thin-layer, gas-liquid and high-performance liquid chromatographic analyses. journal of chromatography, 1981, vol. 207, no. 1, p. 21–8. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform and cyclohexane-ethyl acetate
Substance:

Furanocoumarins (RF-00004381-PAR)
Additional substance description:

poncitrin
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

11
Internal remarks:

poncitrin in roots

Composition #6: Nordby, Harold E., Nagy, Steven. Chemotaxonomic study of neutral coumarins in roots of Citrus and Poncirus by thin-layer, gas-liquid and high-performance liquid chromatographic analyses. journal of chromatography, 1981, vol. 207, no. 1, p. 21–8. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform and cyclohexane-ethyl acetate
Substance:

osthol (RF-00011008-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

< 4
Internal remarks:

osthol in roots

Composition #7: Nordby, Harold E., Nagy, Steven. Chemotaxonomic study of neutral coumarins in roots of Citrus and Poncirus by thin-layer, gas-liquid and high-performance liquid chromatographic analyses. journal of chromatography, 1981, vol. 207, no. 1, p. 21–8. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform and cyclohexane-ethyl acetate
Substance:

Seselin (RF-00010993-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

78.9
Internal remarks:

seselin in roots

Composition #8: Nordby, Harold E., Nagy, Steven. Chemotaxonomic study of neutral coumarins in roots of Citrus and Poncirus by thin-layer, gas-liquid and high-performance liquid chromatographic analyses. journal of chromatography, 1981, vol. 207, no. 1, p. 21–8. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform and cyclohexane-ethyl acetate
Substance:

Furanocoumarins (RF-00004381-PAR)
Additional substance description:

suberosin
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

< 4
Internal remarks:

suberosin in roots

Composition #9: Nordby, Harold E., Nagy, Steven. Chemotaxonomic study of neutral coumarins in roots of Citrus and Poncirus by thin-layer, gas-liquid and high-performance liquid chromatographic analyses. journal of chromatography, 1981, vol. 207, no. 1, p. 21–8. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform and cyclohexane-ethyl acetate
Substance:

Furanocoumarins (RF-00004381-PAR)
Additional substance description:

xanthoxyletin
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

< 4
Internal remarks:

xanthoxyletin in roots

Composition #10: Nordby, Harold E., Nagy, Steven. Chemotaxonomic study of neutral coumarins in roots of Citrus and Poncirus by thin-layer, gas-liquid and high-performance liquid chromatographic analyses. journal of chromatography, 1981, vol. 207, no. 1, p. 21–8. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform and cyclohexane-ethyl acetate
Substance:

xanthyletin (RF-00010982-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

< 4
Internal remarks:

xanthyletin in roots

Composition #11: Mercolini, Laura., Mandrioli, Roberto., Ferranti, Anna., Sorella, Vittorio., Protti, Michele., Epifano, Francesco., Curini, Massimo., Raggi, Maria Augusta. Quantitative Evaluation of Auraptene and Umbelliferone, Chemopreventive Coumarins in Citrus Fruits, by HPLC-UV-FL-MS. journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2013, vol. 61, no. 8, p. 1694–1701. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

umbelliferone (RF-00004096-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

12 - 15
Internal remarks:

umbelliferone in seeds

Composition #12: Mercolini, Laura., Mandrioli, Roberto., Ferranti, Anna., Sorella, Vittorio., Protti, Michele., Epifano, Francesco., Curini, Massimo., Raggi, Maria Augusta. Quantitative Evaluation of Auraptene and Umbelliferone, Chemopreventive Coumarins in Citrus Fruits, by HPLC-UV-FL-MS. journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2013, vol. 61, no. 8, p. 1694–1701. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit peel (as part-nature) (A067G)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

umbelliferone (RF-00004096-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

44 - 113
Internal remarks:

umbelliferone in exocarpe

Composition #13: Mercolini, Laura., Mandrioli, Roberto., Ferranti, Anna., Sorella, Vittorio., Protti, Michele., Epifano, Francesco., Curini, Massimo., Raggi, Maria Augusta. Quantitative Evaluation of Auraptene and Umbelliferone, Chemopreventive Coumarins in Citrus Fruits, by HPLC-UV-FL-MS. journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2013, vol. 61, no. 8, p. 1694–1701. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

auraptene (RF-00010983-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

663 - 980
Internal remarks:

auraptene in seeds

Composition #14: Mercolini, Laura., Mandrioli, Roberto., Ferranti, Anna., Sorella, Vittorio., Protti, Michele., Epifano, Francesco., Curini, Massimo., Raggi, Maria Augusta. Quantitative Evaluation of Auraptene and Umbelliferone, Chemopreventive Coumarins in Citrus Fruits, by HPLC-UV-FL-MS. journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2013, vol. 61, no. 8, p. 1694–1701. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol (mesocarpe + endocarpe)
Substance:

umbelliferone (RF-00004096-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

19 - 31
Internal remarks:

umbelliferone in fruit (mesocarpe + endocarpe)

Composition #15: Mercolini, Laura., Mandrioli, Roberto., Ferranti, Anna., Sorella, Vittorio., Protti, Michele., Epifano, Francesco., Curini, Massimo., Raggi, Maria Augusta. Quantitative Evaluation of Auraptene and Umbelliferone, Chemopreventive Coumarins in Citrus Fruits, by HPLC-UV-FL-MS. journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2013, vol. 61, no. 8, p. 1694–1701. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit peel (as part-nature) (A067G)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

auraptene (RF-00010983-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1211 - 3432
Internal remarks:

auraptene in exocarpe

Composition #16: Mercolini, Laura., Mandrioli, Roberto., Ferranti, Anna., Sorella, Vittorio., Protti, Michele., Epifano, Francesco., Curini, Massimo., Raggi, Maria Augusta. Quantitative Evaluation of Auraptene and Umbelliferone, Chemopreventive Coumarins in Citrus Fruits, by HPLC-UV-FL-MS. journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2013, vol. 61, no. 8, p. 1694–1701. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol (mesocarpe + endocarpe)
Substance:

auraptene (RF-00010983-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1072 - 5786
Internal remarks:

auraptene in fruit (mesocarpe + endocarpe)

Composition #17: Dreyer, D.L. Citrus Bitter Principles. III. Isolation of Deacetylnomilin and Deoxylimonin. journal of organic chemistry, 1965, vol. 30, no. 3, p. 749–751. DOI: 10.1021/jo01014a022. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether
Substance:

limonin (RF-00011197-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Limonin in seeds

Composition #18: Dreyer, D.L. Citrus Bitter Principles. III. Isolation of Deacetylnomilin and Deoxylimonin. journal of organic chemistry, 1965, vol. 30, no. 3, p. 749–751. DOI: 10.1021/jo01014a022. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether
Substance:

deacetylnomilin (RF-00011195-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

deacetylnomilin in seeds

Composition #19: Dreyer, D.L. Citrus Bitter Principles. III. Isolation of Deacetylnomilin and Deoxylimonin. journal of organic chemistry, 1965, vol. 30, no. 3, p. 749–751. DOI: 10.1021/jo01014a022. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether
Substance:

Nomilin (RF-00011194-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Nomilin in seeds

Composition #20: Koblovska, Radka., Mackova, Zuzana., Vitkova, Michaela., Kokoska, Ladislav., Klejdus, Borivoj., Lapcik, Oldrich. Isoflavones in the Rutaceae family: Twenty selected representatives of the genera Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus, Ruta and Severinia. phytochemical analysis, 2008, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 64–70. DOI: 10.1002/pca.1016. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol - water
Substance:

daidzein (RF-00000061-NTR)
Analytical method code:

UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
Result unit:

Nanogram/gram (G076A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

107.7
Internal remarks:

daidzein in leaves

Composition #21: Koblovska, Radka., Mackova, Zuzana., Vitkova, Michaela., Kokoska, Ladislav., Klejdus, Borivoj., Lapcik, Oldrich. Isoflavones in the Rutaceae family: Twenty selected representatives of the genera Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus, Ruta and Severinia. phytochemical analysis, 2008, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 64–70. DOI: 10.1002/pca.1016. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol - water
Substance:

daidzin (RF-00003763-PAR)
Analytical method code:

UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
Result unit:

Nanogram/gram (G076A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

153.8
Internal remarks:

daidzin in leaves

Composition #22: Koblovska, Radka., Mackova, Zuzana., Vitkova, Michaela., Kokoska, Ladislav., Klejdus, Borivoj., Lapcik, Oldrich. Isoflavones in the Rutaceae family: Twenty selected representatives of the genera Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus, Ruta and Severinia. phytochemical analysis, 2008, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 64–70. DOI: 10.1002/pca.1016. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol - water
Substance:

genistin (RF-00003829-PAR)
Analytical method code:

UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
Result unit:

Nanogram/gram (G076A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

121.5
Internal remarks:

genistin in leaves

Composition #23: Koblovska, Radka., Mackova, Zuzana., Vitkova, Michaela., Kokoska, Ladislav., Klejdus, Borivoj., Lapcik, Oldrich. Isoflavones in the Rutaceae family: Twenty selected representatives of the genera Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus, Ruta and Severinia. phytochemical analysis, 2008, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 64–70. DOI: 10.1002/pca.1016. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol - water
Substance:

genistein (RF-00000297-NTR)
Analytical method code:

UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
Result unit:

Nanogram/gram (G076A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

24.1
Internal remarks:

genistein in leaves

Composition #24: Koblovska, Radka., Mackova, Zuzana., Vitkova, Michaela., Kokoska, Ladislav., Klejdus, Borivoj., Lapcik, Oldrich. Isoflavones in the Rutaceae family: Twenty selected representatives of the genera Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus, Ruta and Severinia. phytochemical analysis, 2008, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 64–70. DOI: 10.1002/pca.1016. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol - water
Substance:

formononetin (RF-00000291-NTR)
Analytical method code:

UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
Result unit:

Nanogram/gram (G076A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2491.6
Internal remarks:

formononetin in leaves

Composition #25: Koblovska, Radka., Mackova, Zuzana., Vitkova, Michaela., Kokoska, Ladislav., Klejdus, Borivoj., Lapcik, Oldrich. Isoflavones in the Rutaceae family: Twenty selected representatives of the genera Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus, Ruta and Severinia. phytochemical analysis, 2008, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 64–70. DOI: 10.1002/pca.1016. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol - water
Substance:

Prunetin (RF-00011016-PAR)
Analytical method code:

UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
Result unit:

Nanogram/gram (G076A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

115.9
Internal remarks:

prunetin in leaves

Composition #26: Koblovska, Radka., Mackova, Zuzana., Vitkova, Michaela., Kokoska, Ladislav., Klejdus, Borivoj., Lapcik, Oldrich. Isoflavones in the Rutaceae family: Twenty selected representatives of the genera Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus, Ruta and Severinia. phytochemical analysis, 2008, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 64–70. DOI: 10.1002/pca.1016. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol - water
Substance:

Sissotrin (RF-00011021-PAR)
Analytical method code:

UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
Result unit:

Nanogram/gram (G076A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

268.5
Internal remarks:

sissotrin in leaves