EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E.A.Bruce

Family:: Rubiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 6
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: Saponins #2: Tannins #3: Cardiac glycosides #4: cardiac glycosides #5: alkaloids #6: saponins #7: anthraquinones #8: tannins #9: Indole alkaloids #10: Indole alkaloids #11: Indole alkaloids

Endpoint Studies

#1: Nephrotoxicity #2: Hepatotoxicity

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Yesufu, H.B., Bassi, P.U., Khan, I.Z., Abdulrahaman, F.I., Mohammed, G.T. Phytochemical screening and hepatoprotective properties of the aqueous root bark extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius (Smith) Bruce (African peach). archives of clinical microbiology, 2010, vol. 1, no. 2 . DOI: 10:3823/207. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

extracted from root bark
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #2: Yesufu, H.B., Bassi, P.U., Khan, I.Z., Abdulrahaman, F.I., Mohammed, G.T. Phytochemical screening and hepatoprotective properties of the aqueous root bark extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius (Smith) Bruce (African peach). archives of clinical microbiology, 2010, vol. 1, no. 2 . DOI: 10:3823/207. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Additional substance description:

extracted from root bark
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Composition #3: Yesufu, H.B., Bassi, P.U., Khan, I.Z., Abdulrahaman, F.I., Mohammed, G.T. Phytochemical screening and hepatoprotective properties of the aqueous root bark extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius (Smith) Bruce (African peach). archives of clinical microbiology, 2010, vol. 1, no. 2 . DOI: 10:3823/207. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Additional substance description:

extracted from root bark
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cardiac glycosides

Composition #4: Arome, D., Enegide, C., Ameh, S.F., Agbafor, A., Mbonne, E.R., Monica, I. Absence of anxiolytic activity of Sarcocephalus latifolius fruit extract. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2014, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 4–7. DOI: 10.4103/0976-9234.136772. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

cardiac glycosides

Composition #5: Arome, D., Enegide, C., Ameh, S.F., Agbafor, A., Mbonne, E.R., Monica, I. Absence of anxiolytic activity of Sarcocephalus latifolius fruit extract. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2014, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 4–7. DOI: 10.4103/0976-9234.136772. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids

Composition #6: Arome, D., Enegide, C., Ameh, S.F., Agbafor, A., Mbonne, E.R., Monica, I. Absence of anxiolytic activity of Sarcocephalus latifolius fruit extract. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2014, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 4–7. DOI: 10.4103/0976-9234.136772. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

saponins

Composition #7: Arome, D., Enegide, C., Ameh, S.F., Agbafor, A., Mbonne, E.R., Monica, I. Absence of anxiolytic activity of Sarcocephalus latifolius fruit extract. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2014, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 4–7. DOI: 10.4103/0976-9234.136772. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

anthraquinones

Composition #8: Arome, D., Enegide, C., Ameh, S.F., Agbafor, A., Mbonne, E.R., Monica, I. Absence of anxiolytic activity of Sarcocephalus latifolius fruit extract. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2014, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 4–7. DOI: 10.4103/0976-9234.136772. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tannins

Composition #9: Abreu, P., Pereira, A. A new indole alkaloid from Sarcocephalus latifolius. HETEROCYCLES, 1998, vol. 48, no. 5, p. 885–891. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

95% ethanol
Substance:

indole alkaloids (RF-00004503-PAR)
Additional substance description:

angustine, angustoline, angustidine and nauclefine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

melting point, optical rotations, IR, NMR, MS, UV
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Indole alkaloids

Composition #10: Abreu, P., Pereira, A. New indole alkaloids from Sarcocephalus latifolius. natural product letters, 2001, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 43–48. DOI: 10.1080/10575630108041256. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol 95%
Substance:

indole alkaloids (RF-00004503-PAR)
Additional substance description:

2 1 -U-methylstrictosamide aglycone and 21 -0-ethylstrictosamide aglycone
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Indole alkaloids

Composition #11: Candeias, M. F., Abreu, P., Pereira, A., Cruz-Morais, J. Effects of strictosamide on mouse brain and kidney Na+,K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY, 2009, vol. 121, no. 1, p. 117–122. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.08.032. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

95% ethanol
Substance:

indole alkaloids (RF-00004503-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Strictosamide
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR, MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Indole alkaloids

Endpoint study #1: Magili, S. T., Maina, H. M., Barminas, J. T., Toma, I. Toxicity study of aqueous leaf extracts of Sarcocephalus latifolius (Rubiaceae) in rats. Merit Research Journal of Environmental Science and Toxicology, 2014, p. 120–128. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

aqueous extract
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
Exposure duration:

28.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

4
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

>250
Critical effect:

NEPHROTOXICITY (TOX03A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Kidneys (TT046A)
Effect description:

significant changes in activities of marker enzymes (AST, ALP, ALT) and histopathological changes in kidneys
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

Nephrotoxicity

Endpoint study #2: Magili, S. T., Maina, H. M., Barminas, J. T., Toma, I. Toxicity study of aqueous leaf extracts of Sarcocephalus latifolius (Rubiaceae) in rats. Merit Research Journal of Environmental Science and Toxicology, 2014, p. 120–128. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
Exposure duration:

28.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

4
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

>250
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

significant changes in activities of marker enzymes (AST, ALP, ALT) and histopathological changes in liver
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

Hepatotoxicity