EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf // Paspalum exile Kippist // Syntherisma exile (Kippist) Newbold

Family:: Poaceae
Approval state:: Under evaluation
Number of articles retrieved:: 183
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: Phytic acid (phytate) #2: Tannins #3: Oxalates #4: Trypsin inhibitors #5: Oxalates #6: Tannins #7: Phytic acid (phytate) #8: Furan derivative (2-pentylfuran) #9: oxalate #10: tannins #11: saponins #12: Phytic acid (phytate) #13: Phytate

Endpoint Studies

#1: trypsin inhibition

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Echendu, C.A., Obizoba, I.C., Anyika, J.U., Ojimelukwe, P.C. Changes in chemical composition of treated and untreated hungry rice "Acha" (Digitaria exilis). pakistan journal of nutrition, 2009, vol. 8, no. 11, p. 1779–1785. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2009.1779.1785. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

phytic acid (RF-00000363-NTR)
Additional substance description:

phytic acid - pytate
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.22
Internal remarks:

Phytic acid (phytate)

Composition #2: Echendu, C.A., Obizoba, I.C., Anyika, J.U., Ojimelukwe, P.C. Changes in chemical composition of treated and untreated hungry rice "Acha" (Digitaria exilis). pakistan journal of nutrition, 2009, vol. 8, no. 11, p. 1779–1785. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2009.1779.1785. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.13
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Composition #3: Echendu, C.A., Obizoba, I.C., Anyika, J.U., Ojimelukwe, P.C. Changes in chemical composition of treated and untreated hungry rice "Acha" (Digitaria exilis). pakistan journal of nutrition, 2009, vol. 8, no. 11, p. 1779–1785. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2009.1779.1785. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.14
Internal remarks:

Oxalates

Composition #4: Echendu, C.A., Obizoba, I.C., Anyika, J.U., Ojimelukwe, P.C. Changes in chemical composition of treated and untreated hungry rice "Acha" (Digitaria exilis). pakistan journal of nutrition, 2009, vol. 8, no. 11, p. 1779–1785. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2009.1779.1785. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Trypsin inhibitors Trypsin inhibitors (RF-00004339-PAR)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

38.45
Internal remarks:

Trypsin inhibitors

Composition #5: Oburuoga, A.C., Anyika, J.U. Nutrient and antinutrient composition of mungbean (Vigna radiata), acha (Digitaria exilis) and crayfish (Astacus fluviatilis) flours. pakistan journal of nutrition, 2012, vol. 11, no. 9, p. 743–746. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

264.78-265.82
Internal remarks:

Oxalates

Composition #6: Oburuoga, A.C., Anyika, J.U. Nutrient and antinutrient composition of mungbean (Vigna radiata), acha (Digitaria exilis) and crayfish (Astacus fluviatilis) flours. pakistan journal of nutrition, 2012, vol. 11, no. 9, p. 743–746. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

spectrophotometric method
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9.19-9.43
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Composition #7: Oburuoga, A.C., Anyika, J.U. Nutrient and antinutrient composition of mungbean (Vigna radiata), acha (Digitaria exilis) and crayfish (Astacus fluviatilis) flours. pakistan journal of nutrition, 2012, vol. 11, no. 9, p. 743–746. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

phytic acid (RF-00000363-NTR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

colorimetry
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

114.04-114.40
Internal remarks:

Phytic acid (phytate)

Composition #8: Lasekan, OO., Teixeira, JPF., Salva, TJG. Volatile flavour compounds of cooked acha (Digitaria exilis Stapf). food chemistry, 2001, vol. 75, no. 3, p. 333–337. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00210-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional extraction description:

aroma substances in cooked acha
Substance:

furan derivatives (RF-00004396-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Furan derivative (2-pentylfuran)

Composition #9: Anuonye, Julian C., Onuh, John O., Egwim, Evans., Adeyemo, Samuel O. NUTRIENT AND ANTINUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF EXTRUDED ACHA/SOYBEAN BLENDS. journal of food processing and preservation, 2010, vol. 34, p. 680–691. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2009.00425.x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional extraction description:

Antinutritional composition determined according to AOAC (1984)
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Value (concentration, content):

traces
Internal remarks:

oxalate

Composition #10: Anuonye, Julian C., Onuh, John O., Egwim, Evans., Adeyemo, Samuel O. NUTRIENT AND ANTINUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF EXTRUDED ACHA/SOYBEAN BLENDS. journal of food processing and preservation, 2010, vol. 34, p. 680–691. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2009.00425.x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional extraction description:

Antinutritional composition determined according to AOAC (1984)
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Result unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3
Internal remarks:

tannins

Composition #11: Anuonye, Julian C., Onuh, John O., Egwim, Evans., Adeyemo, Samuel O. NUTRIENT AND ANTINUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF EXTRUDED ACHA/SOYBEAN BLENDS. journal of food processing and preservation, 2010, vol. 34, p. 680–691. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2009.00425.x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional extraction description:

Antinutritional composition determined according to AOAC (1984)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Value (concentration, content):

traces
Internal remarks:

saponins

Composition #12: Anuonye, Julian C., Onuh, John O., Egwim, Evans., Adeyemo, Samuel O. NUTRIENT AND ANTINUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF EXTRUDED ACHA/SOYBEAN BLENDS. journal of food processing and preservation, 2010, vol. 34, p. 680–691. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2009.00425.x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional extraction description:

Antinutritional composition determined according to AOAC (1984)
Substance:

phytic acid (RF-00000363-NTR)
Additional substance description:

synonym phytate
Result unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5
Internal remarks:

Phytic acid (phytate)

Composition #13: Koreissi-Dembele, Yara., Fanou-Fogny, Nadia., Hulshof, Paul J. M., Brouwer, Inge D. Fonio (Digitaria exilis) landraces in Mali: Nutrient and phytate content, genetic diversity and effect of processing . journal of food composition and analysis, 2013, vol. 29, no. 2, p. 134–143. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2012.07.010. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

phytic acid (RF-00000363-NTR)
Additional substance description:

phytic acid = pytate, content reported in milled grains
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

310-2120
Internal remarks:

Phytate

Endpoint study #1: Echendu, C.A., Obizoba, I.C., Anyika, J.U., Ojimelukwe, P.C. Changes in chemical composition of treated and untreated hungry rice "Acha" (Digitaria exilis). pakistan journal of nutrition, 2009, vol. 8, no. 11, p. 1779–1785. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2009.1779.1785. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Effect description:

trypsin inhibition
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

trypsin inhibition