EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Voacanga africana Stapf

Family:: Apocynaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 153
Number of processed references:: 11

Compositions

#1: #2: #3: #4: #5: #6: voaphylline in leaves #7: iboga alkaloids (voacamine, ibogaine, voacangine, 3-oxovoacangin, and voacristine) in seeds #8: tabersonine chloride alkaloid in fruits #9: voacamine, 3,6-oxidovoacangine, 5-hydroxy-3,6-oxidovoacangine in root bark #10: bisindole alkaloids (3-Oxovoafrine B, Voacandimine A, Voacandimine B, Voacandimine C, Voafrine B, Vobtusine, Dihydroanhydrovobtusine, Subsessiline, Voacinol) in root bark #11: bisindole alkaloids (3-Oxovoafrine B, Voacandimine A, Voacandimine B, Voacandimine C, Voafrine B, Vobtusine, Dihydroanhydrovobtusine, Subsessiline, Voacinol) in seeds #12: Indole alkaloids (ibogamine-16-carboxylic acid,17,20-didehydro-5,6-dioxo-10-methoxy-methyl ester, voacamine, vobasine, voacangine, voacristine, 19-epi-voacristine and 19-epi-heyneanine) in bark #13: voacangine in root bark #14: alkaloids (voacangine, voacristine, Voacristine psedoindoxyl, Voacristine hydroxyindolenine, Iboluteine, Ibogaine hydroxyiadolenine, Voacangine pseudoindoxyl) in bark #15: alkaloids in seeds #16: ibogaine in seeds

Endpoint Studies

#1: body weight decrease among female rats

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Puisieux, Francis., Devissaguet, Jean P., Miet, Christine., Poisson, Jacques. Alkaloids of Voacanga. V. Voacamine N-oxide. bulletin de la societe chimique de france, 1967, vol. (1), p. 251–3. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional extraction description:

extd. according to Percheron (CA 55: 1674f)
Substance:

Atropine (RF-00000246-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)

Composition #2: Puisieux, Francis., Devissaguet, Jean P., Miet, Christine., Poisson, Jacques. Alkaloids of Voacanga. V. Voacamine N-oxide. bulletin de la societe chimique de france, 1967, vol. (1), p. 251–3. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional extraction description:

extd. according to Percheron (CA 55: 1674f)
Substance:

Nicotine (RF-0809-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)

Composition #3: Puisieux, Francis., Devissaguet, Jean P., Miet, Christine., Poisson, Jacques. Alkaloids of Voacanga. V. Voacamine N-oxide. bulletin de la societe chimique de france, 1967, vol. (1), p. 251–3. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional extraction description:

extd. according to Percheron (CA 55: 1674f)
Substance:

vobasine (RF-00003634-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)

Composition #4: Puisieux, Francis., Devissaguet, Jean P., Miet, Christine., Poisson, Jacques. Alkaloids of Voacanga. V. Voacamine N-oxide. bulletin de la societe chimique de france, 1967, vol. (1), p. 251–3. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional extraction description:

extd. according to Percheron (CA 55: 1674f)
Substance:

voacangine (RF-00003631-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)

Composition #5: Puisieux, Francis., Devissaguet, Jean P., Miet, Christine., Poisson, Jacques. Alkaloids of Voacanga. V. Voacamine N-oxide. bulletin de la societe chimique de france, 1967, vol. (1), p. 251–3. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional extraction description:

extd. according to Percheron (CA 55: 1674f)
Substance:

voacamine (RF-00003630-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)

Composition #6: Kunesch, Nicole., Das, Bhupeshchandra., Poisson, Jacques. Voacanga alkaloids. IX. Voaphylline hydroxy-indolenine, a new alkaloid extracted from the leaves of Voacanga africana. bulletin de la societe chimique de france, 1967, vol. (9), p. 3551–2. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Substance:

voaphylline (RF-00003633-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography (F063A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

voaphylline in leaves

Composition #7: Posch, Tjorben Nils., Martin, Nathalie., Puetz, Michael., Huhn, Carolin. Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: A versatile, straightforward tool for the analysis of alkaloids from psychoactive plant extracts. electrophoresis, 2012, vol. 33, no. 11, p. 1557–1566. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

iboga alkaloids (voacamine, ibogaine, voacangine, 3-oxovoacangin, and voacristine)
Analytical method code:

Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography (F063A)
Analytical method - additional description:

CE-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10
Internal remarks:

iboga alkaloids (voacamine, ibogaine, voacangine, 3-oxovoacangin, and voacristine) in seeds

Composition #8: Boda, M., Tan, P.V., Nyasse, B. Rapid in vivo screening method for the evaluation of new anti Helicobacter medicinal preparations. african journal of traditional, complementary and alternative medicines, 2006, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 102–114. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

tabersonine chloride alkaloid
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tabersonine chloride alkaloid in fruits

Composition #9: Kitajima, Mariko., Iwai, Masumi., Kikura-Hanajiri, Ruri., Goda, Yukihiro., Iida, Mitsuru., Yabushita, Hisatoshi., Takayama, Hiromitsu. Discovery of indole alkaloids with cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonistic activity . bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2011, vol. 21, no. 7, p. 1962–1964. DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.036. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol (root bark)
Substance:

indole alkaloids (RF-00004503-PAR)
Additional substance description:

voacamine, 3,6-oxidovoacangine, 5-hydroxy-3,6-oxidovoacangine
Analytical method code:

Element spectroscopy (F051A)
Analytical method - additional description:

spectroscopic methods
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

voacamine, 3,6-oxidovoacangine, 5-hydroxy-3,6-oxidovoacangine in root bark

Composition #10: Kitajima, Mariko., Iwai, Masumi., Kogure, Noriyuki., Kikura-Hanajiri, Ruri., Goda, Yukihiro., Takayama, Hiromitsu. Aspidosperma-aspidosperma-type bisindole alkaloids from Voacanga africana . tetrahedron, 2013, vol. 69, no. 2, p. 796–801. DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.061. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol (root bark)
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

3-Oxovoafrine B, Voacandimine A, Voacandimine B, Voacandimine C, Voafrine B, Vobtusine, Dihydroanhydrovobtusine, Subsessiline, Voacinol
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

spectroscopic methods
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

bisindole alkaloids (3-Oxovoafrine B, Voacandimine A, Voacandimine B, Voacandimine C, Voafrine B, Vobtusine, Dihydroanhydrovobtusine, Subsessiline, Voacinol) in root bark

Composition #11: Kitajima, Mariko., Iwai, Masumi., Kogure, Noriyuki., Kikura-Hanajiri, Ruri., Goda, Yukihiro., Takayama, Hiromitsu. Aspidosperma-aspidosperma-type bisindole alkaloids from Voacanga africana . tetrahedron, 2013, vol. 69, no. 2, p. 796–801. DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.061. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

3-Oxovoafrine B, Voacandimine A, Voacandimine B, Voacandimine C, Voafrine B, Vobtusine, Dihydroanhydrovobtusine, Subsessiline, Voacinol
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

spectroscopic methods
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

bisindole alkaloids (3-Oxovoafrine B, Voacandimine A, Voacandimine B, Voacandimine C, Voafrine B, Vobtusine, Dihydroanhydrovobtusine, Subsessiline, Voacinol) in seeds

Composition #12: Chen, Hong-Mei., Yang, Yu-Ting., Li, Hong-Xiang., Cao, Zhi-Xing., Dan, Xiao-Mei., Mei, Ling., Guo, Da-Le., Song, Chuan-Xia., Dai, Yu., Hu, Jia., Deng, Yun. Cytotoxic monoterpenoid indole alkaloids isolated from the barks of Voacanga africana Staph. . natural product research, 2016, vol. 30, no. 10, p. 1144–1149. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1046132. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOAc
Substance:

indole alkaloids (RF-00004503-PAR)
Additional substance description:

ibogamine-16-carboxylic acid,17,20-didehydro-5,6-dioxo-10-methoxy-methyl ester, voacamine, vobasine, voacangine, voacristine, 19-epi-voacristine and 19-epi-heyneanine
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Column chromatography + HPLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Indole alkaloids (ibogamine-16-carboxylic acid,17,20-didehydro-5,6-dioxo-10-methoxy-methyl ester, voacamine, vobasine, voacangine, voacristine, 19-epi-voacristine and 19-epi-heyneanine) in bark

Composition #13: Mair, Christina E., Silva, Carolina de Miranda., Grienke, Ulrike., Kratz, Jadel M., Carreno, Fernando., Zimmermann, Estevan Sonego., de Araujo, Bibiana Verlindo., Costa, Teresa Dalla., Rollinger, Judith M. Pharmacokinetics of hERG Channel Blocking Voacangine in Wistar Rats Applying a Validated LC-ESI-MS/MS Method . planta medica, 2016, vol. 82, no. 11-12, p. 1030–1038. DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-107800. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol - water (root bark)
Substance:

voacangine (RF-00003631-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9.71
Internal remarks:

voacangine in root bark

Composition #14: THOMAS, DW., BIEMANN, K. HYDROXYINDOLENINE DERIVATIVE OF VOACANGINE A NEW INDOLE ALKALOID FROM VOACANGA AFRICANA . tetrahedron, 1968, vol. 24, no. 11, p. 4223–&. DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(68)88184-0. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

voacangine, voacristine, Voacristine psedoindoxyl, Voacristine hydroxyindolenine, Iboluteine, Ibogaine hydroxyiadolenine, Voacangine pseudoindoxyl
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

chromatographic tests + mass spectra
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids (voacangine, voacristine, Voacristine psedoindoxyl, Voacristine hydroxyindolenine, Iboluteine, Ibogaine hydroxyiadolenine, Voacangine pseudoindoxyl) in bark

Composition #15: Kombian, SB., Saleh, TM., Fiagbe, NIY., Chen, XH., Akabutu, JJ., Buolamwini, JK., Pittman, QJ. Ibogaine and a total alkaloidal extract of Voacanga africana modulate neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission in the rat parabrachial nucleus in vitro . brain research bulletin, 1997, vol. 44, no. 5, p. 603–610. DOI: 10.1016/S0361-9230(97)00284-0. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ammonia + methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

unspecified
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids in seeds

Composition #16: Kombian, SB., Saleh, TM., Fiagbe, NIY., Chen, XH., Akabutu, JJ., Buolamwini, JK., Pittman, QJ. Ibogaine and a total alkaloidal extract of Voacanga africana modulate neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission in the rat parabrachial nucleus in vitro . brain research bulletin, 1997, vol. 44, no. 5, p. 603–610. DOI: 10.1016/S0361-9230(97)00284-0. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ammonia + methanol
Substance:

ibogaine (RF-00003873-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

unspecified
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

ibogaine in seeds

Endpoint study #1: Ighodaro, Igbe., Silvanus, Innih., Stephen, Vincent Ogedengbe., Lucy, Amamina. Chronic toxicity studies of aqueous leaf extract of Voacanga africana in wistar rats. journal of applied sciences and environmental management, 2015, vol. 19, no. 4, p. 639–646. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Limit test:

Yes
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

28.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

40
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Lowest observable effect level (CHD028EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

100
Critical effect:

Other toxicities (TOX19A)
Effect description:

significant difference in the pattern of change in body weight over the 28 day period when compared to the control of the female group
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

body weight (CHD005BE)
Internal remarks:

body weight decrease among female rats