Draft - work in progress
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- Tussilago farfara L.
Tussilago farfara L.
- Family:
- Asteraceae
- Approval state:
- Approved
- Number of articles retrieved:
- 1255
- Number of processed references:
- 7
Composition #1: Mroczek, Tomasz., Glowniak, Kazimierz., Wlaszczyk, Anna. Simultaneous determination of N-oxides and free bases of pyrrolizidine alkaloids by cation-exchange solid-phase extraction and ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. journal of chromatography a, 2002, vol. 949(1-2), p. 249–262. .
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Methanol + tartaric acid (rhizomes)
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Substance:
Senecionine (RF-00000232-TOX)
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Analytical method code:
Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
TLC–densitometry and HPIPC quantitative determination
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
1.4
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Internal remarks:
Senecionine in flowers and in rhizomes
Composition #2: Mroczek, Tomasz., Glowniak, Kazimierz., Wlaszczyk, Anna. Simultaneous determination of N-oxides and free bases of pyrrolizidine alkaloids by cation-exchange solid-phase extraction and ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. journal of chromatography a, 2002, vol. 949(1-2), p. 249–262. .
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Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Methanol + tartaric acid (in flower / in leaf)
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Substance:
Senkirkine (RF-00000300-TOX)
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Analytical method code:
Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
TLC–densitometry and HPIPC quantitative determination
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
0.45
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Internal remarks:
Senkirkine in flowers and in leaves
Composition #3: Mroczek, Tomasz., Glowniak, Kazimierz., Wlaszczyk, Anna. Simultaneous determination of N-oxides and free bases of pyrrolizidine alkaloids by cation-exchange solid-phase extraction and ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. journal of chromatography a, 2002, vol. 949(1-2), p. 249–262. .
-
-
Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
Methanol + tartaric acid (rhizomes)
-
Substance:
Senkirkine (RF-00000300-TOX)
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Analytical method code:
Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
TLC–densitometry and HPIPC quantitative determination
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
92.8
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Internal remarks:
Senkirkine in flowers and in rhizomes
Composition #4: Avula, B., Sagi, S., Wang, Y.-H., Zweigenbaum, J., Wang, M., Khan, I.A. Characterization and screening of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and N-oxides from botanicals and dietary supplements using UHPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry. food chemistry, 2015, vol. 178, p. 136–148. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.053.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
MeOH / MeOH:H2O and sulphuric acid
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Substance:
Senecionine (RF-00000232-TOX)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
LC
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
0.02
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Internal remarks:
Senecionine in flowers
Composition #5: Avula, B., Sagi, S., Wang, Y.-H., Zweigenbaum, J., Wang, M., Khan, I.A. Characterization and screening of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and N-oxides from botanicals and dietary supplements using UHPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry. food chemistry, 2015, vol. 178, p. 136–148. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.053.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
MeOH / MeOH:H2O and sulphuric acid
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Substance:
Senkirkine (RF-00000300-TOX)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
LC
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
2.8
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Internal remarks:
Senkirkine in flowers
Composition #6: Avula, B., Sagi, S., Wang, Y.-H., Zweigenbaum, J., Wang, M., Khan, I.A. Characterization and screening of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and N-oxides from botanicals and dietary supplements using UHPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry. food chemistry, 2015, vol. 178, p. 136–148. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.053.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
MeOH / MeOH:H2O and sulphuric acid
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Substance:
Senecionine-N-oxide (RF-00000361-TOX)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
LC
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
0.014
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Internal remarks:
Senecionine N-Oxide in flowers
Composition #7: Adamczak, Artur., Opala, Bogna., Gryszczynska, Agnieszka., Buchwald, Waldemar. Content of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the leaves of coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.) in Poland . acta societatis botanicorum poloniae, 2013, vol. 82, no. 4, p. 289–293. DOI: 10.5586/asbp.2013.028.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
methanol acidified with citric acid
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Substance:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (RF-00000230-TOX)
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Additional substance description:
Senkirkine + Senecionine
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Analytical method code:
HPLC-DAD (F587A)
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
0.42
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Internal remarks:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (Senkirkine + Senecionine) in leaves
Composition #8: Adamczak, Artur., Opala, Bogna., Gryszczynska, Agnieszka., Buchwald, Waldemar. Content of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the leaves of coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.) in Poland . acta societatis botanicorum poloniae, 2013, vol. 82, no. 4, p. 289–293. DOI: 10.5586/asbp.2013.028.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
methanol acidified with citric acid
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Substance:
Senecionine (RF-00000232-TOX)
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Analytical method code:
HPLC-DAD (F587A)
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
0.23
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Internal remarks:
Senecionine in leaves
Composition #9: Adamczak, Artur., Opala, Bogna., Gryszczynska, Agnieszka., Buchwald, Waldemar. Content of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the leaves of coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.) in Poland . acta societatis botanicorum poloniae, 2013, vol. 82, no. 4, p. 289–293. DOI: 10.5586/asbp.2013.028.
[
DOI link]
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-
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
methanol acidified with citric acid
-
Substance:
Senkirkine (RF-00000300-TOX)
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Analytical method code:
HPLC-DAD (F587A)
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
0.19
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Internal remarks:
Senkirkine in leaves
Composition #10: Nedelcheva, Anely., Kostova, Nadezhda., Sidjimov, Atanas. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Tussilago farfara from Bulgaria. biotechnology & biotechnological equipment, 2015, vol. 29, p. S1–S7. DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1047149.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
MeOH
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Substance:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (RF-00000230-TOX)
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Additional substance description:
Senkirkine, senecionine, integerrimine and seneciphylline
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Analytical method code:
GC-MS (F046A)
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
55
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Internal remarks:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (Senkirkine, senecionine, integerrimine and seneciphylline) in leaves
Composition #11: Smyrska-Wieleba, Natalia., Wojtanowski, Krzysztof Kamil., Mroczek, Tomasz. Comparative HILIC/ESI-QTOF-MS and HPTLC studies of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in flowers of Tussilago farfara and roots of Arnebia euchroma . phytochemistry letters, 2017, vol. 20, p. 339–349. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytol.2016.11.009.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
methanolic tartaric acid
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Substance:
Senkirkine (RF-00000300-TOX)
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Analytical method code:
LC-MS (F026A)
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
0.0075
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Internal remarks:
Senkirkine in dried flowers
Composition #12: Smyrska-Wieleba, Natalia., Wojtanowski, Krzysztof Kamil., Mroczek, Tomasz. Comparative HILIC/ESI-QTOF-MS and HPTLC studies of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in flowers of Tussilago farfara and roots of Arnebia euchroma . phytochemistry letters, 2017, vol. 20, p. 339–349. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytol.2016.11.009.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
methanolic tartaric acid
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Substance:
Tussilagine (RF-00000307-TOX)
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Additional substance description:
Tussilagine and Isotussilagine
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Analytical method code:
LC-MS (F026A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Tussilagine and Isotussilagine in dried flowers
Endpoint study
#1: Zhang, Yan., Huang, Fang., Wu, Di., Zhang, Mian. Hepatotoxicity of Flos Farfarae and contained alkaloid to mice. shizhen guoyi guoyao, 2008, vol. 19, no. 8, p. 1810–1811. .
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Study relevance:
Human health
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Substance:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (RF-00000230-TOX)
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Additional plant/substance description:
pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Flos Farfarae
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Type of toxicological test:
short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
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Tested organism:
House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
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Unit of exposure duration:
Day (G134A)
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Endpoint measured:
Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
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Critical effect:
HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
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Target tissue:
digestive: Liver (TT023A)
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Effect description:
decrease in weight gain, increased levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and total bilirubin (TBIL) in serum of mouse; injuries in liver tissue of mice
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
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Internal remarks:
decrease in weight gain, increased levels of liver enzymes in serum of mouse injuries in liver tissue of mice
Endpoint study
#2: Gao, Hong., Huang, Yi-Na., Gao, Bo., Xu, Pei-Yu., Inagaki, Chika., Kawabata, Jun. alpha-Glucosidase inhibitory effect by the flower buds of Tussilago farfara L. . food chemistry, 2008, vol. 106, no. 3, p. 1195–1201. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.07.064.
[
DOI link]
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Study relevance:
Human health
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Plant part:
Bud (as part-nature) (A066Z)
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Preparation/Extraction method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional plant/substance description:
methanol (flower buds)
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Type of toxicological test:
in vitro (CHD061TT)
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Endpoint measured:
Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
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Concentration unit:
Percent (G138A)
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Effect concentration:
16 - 68
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Target tissue:
Digestive (TT002A)
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Effect description:
Alpha-glucosidase inhibition: maltase (68%) and sucrase (16%)
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
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Internal remarks:
Alpha-glucosidase inhibition: maltase / sucrase