EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Wild thyme (as plant) // Thymus serpyllum L. // Thymus serpyllum subsp. serphyllum

Family:: Lamiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 630
Number of processed references:: 8

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Sivtseva, Sardana V., Okhlopkova, Zhanna M. Phytochemical analysis of extracts of wild plants growing in Yakutia for the content of basic groups of BAS. pharma chemica, 2015, vol. 7, no. 11, p. 334–343. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol + alcohol + water
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

saponins in unspecified part

Composition #2: Sivtseva, Sardana V., Okhlopkova, Zhanna M. Phytochemical analysis of extracts of wild plants growing in Yakutia for the content of basic groups of BAS. pharma chemica, 2015, vol. 7, no. 11, p. 334–343. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol + alcohol + water
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

coumarins in unspecified part

Composition #3: Sivtseva, Sardana V., Okhlopkova, Zhanna M. Phytochemical analysis of extracts of wild plants growing in Yakutia for the content of basic groups of BAS. pharma chemica, 2015, vol. 7, no. 11, p. 334–343. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol + alcohol + water
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids in unspecified part

Composition #4: Sivtseva, Sardana V., Okhlopkova, Zhanna M. Phytochemical analysis of extracts of wild plants growing in Yakutia for the content of basic groups of BAS. pharma chemica, 2015, vol. 7, no. 11, p. 334–343. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol + alcohol + water
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tannins in unspecified part

Composition #5: Mockute, D., Bernotiene, G. 1,8-cineole - Caryophyllene oxide chemotype of essential oil of Thymus serpyllum L. growing wild in Vilnius (Lithuania) . journal of essential oil research, 2004, vol. 16, no. 3, p. 236–238. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

8.9-13.9
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole in aerial parts

Composition #6: Mockute, D., Bernotiene, G. 1,8-cineole - Caryophyllene oxide chemotype of essential oil of Thymus serpyllum L. growing wild in Vilnius (Lithuania) . journal of essential oil research, 2004, vol. 16, no. 3, p. 236–238. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5.2-7.4
Internal remarks:

camphor in aerial parts

Composition #7: Mockute, D., Bernotiene, G. 1,8-cineole - Caryophyllene oxide chemotype of essential oil of Thymus serpyllum L. growing wild in Vilnius (Lithuania) . journal of essential oil research, 2004, vol. 16, no. 3, p. 236–238. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.1-8.8
Internal remarks:

myrcene in aerial parts

Composition #8: Paavery, Urve., Orav, Anne., Arak, Elmar., Maeorg, Uno., Raal, Ain. Phytochemical analysis of the essential oil of Thymus serpyllum L. growing wild in Estonia . natural product research, 2008, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 108–115. DOI: 10.1080/14786410601035118. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0 - 14.2
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole in aerial parts

Composition #9: Paavery, Urve., Orav, Anne., Arak, Elmar., Maeorg, Uno., Raal, Ain. Phytochemical analysis of the essential oil of Thymus serpyllum L. growing wild in Estonia . natural product research, 2008, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 108–115. DOI: 10.1080/14786410601035118. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.2 - 14.2
Internal remarks:

camphor in aerial parts

Composition #10: Paavery, Urve., Orav, Anne., Arak, Elmar., Maeorg, Uno., Raal, Ain. Phytochemical analysis of the essential oil of Thymus serpyllum L. growing wild in Estonia . natural product research, 2008, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 108–115. DOI: 10.1080/14786410601035118. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

beta-thujone (RF-00003712-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0 - 2.4
Internal remarks:

beta-thujone in aerial parts

Composition #11: Paavery, Urve., Orav, Anne., Arak, Elmar., Maeorg, Uno., Raal, Ain. Phytochemical analysis of the essential oil of Thymus serpyllum L. growing wild in Estonia . natural product research, 2008, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 108–115. DOI: 10.1080/14786410601035118. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0 - 20.2
Internal remarks:

myrcene in aerial parts

Composition #12: Aziz, Shahid., Habib-ur-Rehman., Irshad, Muhammad., Asghar, Syeda Farina., Hussain, Hidayat., Ahmed, Ishtiaq. Phytotoxic and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils of Thymus serpyllum Grown in the State of Jammu and Kashmir . journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2010, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 224–229. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

Safrole (RF-00003651-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0-1.1
Internal remarks:

safrole in aerial parts

Composition #13: Aziz, Shahid., Habib-ur-Rehman., Irshad, Muhammad., Asghar, Syeda Farina., Hussain, Hidayat., Ahmed, Ishtiaq. Phytotoxic and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils of Thymus serpyllum Grown in the State of Jammu and Kashmir . journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2010, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 224–229. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0 - 10.7
Internal remarks:

camphor in aerial parts

Composition #14: Aziz, Shahid., Habib-ur-Rehman., Irshad, Muhammad., Asghar, Syeda Farina., Hussain, Hidayat., Ahmed, Ishtiaq. Phytotoxic and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils of Thymus serpyllum Grown in the State of Jammu and Kashmir . journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2010, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 224–229. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.1 - 20.9
Internal remarks:

Myrcene in aerial parts

Composition #15: Aziz, Shahid., Habib-ur-Rehman., Irshad, Muhammad., Asghar, Syeda Farina., Hussain, Hidayat., Ahmed, Ishtiaq. Phytotoxic and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils of Thymus serpyllum Grown in the State of Jammu and Kashmir . journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2010, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 224–229. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.4-18
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole in aerial parts

Composition #16: Aziz, Shahid., Habib-ur-Rehman., Irshad, Muhammad., Asghar, Syeda Farina., Hussain, Hidayat., Ahmed, Ishtiaq. Phytotoxic and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils of Thymus serpyllum Grown in the State of Jammu and Kashmir . journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2010, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 224–229. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

Carvone (RF-0538-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0-9
Internal remarks:

carvone in aerial parts

Composition #17: Aziz, Shahid., Habib-ur-Rehman., Irshad, Muhammad., Asghar, Syeda Farina., Hussain, Hidayat., Ahmed, Ishtiaq. Phytotoxic and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils of Thymus serpyllum Grown in the State of Jammu and Kashmir . journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2010, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 224–229. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

thymoquinone (RF-00004084-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0-2.6
Internal remarks:

Themoquinone in aerial parts

Composition #18: De Lisi, Antonino., Tedone, Luigi., Montesano, Vincenzo., Sarli, Giulio., Negro, Donatella. Chemical characterisation of Thymus populations belonging from Southern Italy . food chemistry, 2011, vol. 125, no. 4, p. 1284–1286. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.10.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

(+)-pulegone (RF-00003398-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.05 - 6.12
Internal remarks:

pulegone in aerial parts

Composition #19: Taborsky, Jan., Kunt, Miroslav., Kloucek, Pavel., Lachman, Jaromir., Zeleny, Vaclav., Kokoska, Ladislav. Identification of potential sources of thymoquinone and related compounds in Asteraceae, Cupressaceae, Lamiaceae, and Ranunculaceae families . central european journal of chemistry, 2012, vol. 10, no. 6, p. 1899–1906. DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0114-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hexane
Substance:

thymoquinone (RF-00004084-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-PDA
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

233
Internal remarks:

thymoquinone in aerial parts

Composition #20: Pluhar, Z., Simko, H., Sarosi, S., Boros, B., Dornyei, A., Felinger, A., Horvath, G., Mauget, JC., Godet, S. Determination of Essential Oil and Polyphenolic Compounds in Thymus Species . ii international symposium on horticulture in europe, 2015, vol. 1099, p. 661–670. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Shoot (as part-nature) (A067T)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GC / HPLC-DAD
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

18
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole in shoots

Composition #21: Janiak, Michal A., Slavova-Kazakova, Adriana., Kancheva, Vessela D., Ivanova, Milena., Tsrunchev, Tsvetelin., Karamac, Magdalena. Effects of gamma-Irradiation of Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) on the Phenolic Compounds Profile of Its Ethanolic Extract . polish journal of food and nutrition sciences, 2017, vol. 67, no. 4, p. 309–315. DOI: 10.1515/pjfns-2017-0020. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (RF-00008853-PAR)
Additional substance description:

protocatechuic acid
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.03
Internal remarks:

Protocatechuic acid in unspecified part

Composition #22: Janiak, Michal A., Slavova-Kazakova, Adriana., Kancheva, Vessela D., Ivanova, Milena., Tsrunchev, Tsvetelin., Karamac, Magdalena. Effects of gamma-Irradiation of Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) on the Phenolic Compounds Profile of Its Ethanolic Extract . polish journal of food and nutrition sciences, 2017, vol. 67, no. 4, p. 309–315. DOI: 10.1515/pjfns-2017-0020. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

p-coumaric acid (RF-00010717-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.17
Internal remarks:

p-coumaric acid in unspecified part