EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Thuja occidentalis L.

Family:: Cupressaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1610
Number of processed references:: 12

Compositions

#1: Myrcene in unspecified parts #2: Alpha-thujone in unspecified part #3: fenchone in unspecified part #4: Beta-thujone in unspecified part #5: Camphor in unspecified part #6: Beta-thujone in foliage #7: alpha-thujona in foliage #8: camphor in foliage #9: fenchone in foliage #10: Alkaloids in barks #11: Tannins in leaves #12: Tannins in barks #13: Saponins in barks #14: Beta-thujone in leaves #15: Myrcene in leaves #16: Alpha-thujone in leaves #17: lignans (secoisolariciresinol) in leaves #18: lignans (matairesinol, thujaplicatin methyl ether, wikstromol, 4-O-demethylyatein, pinoresinol, 8-hydroxy- thujaplicatin methyl ether and epi-pinoresinol) in branch xylem #19: deoxypodorhizone in leaves and twigs #20: isopicrodeoxypodophyllotoxin, deoxypodophyllotoxin in leaves and twigs #21: cedrol in leaves #22: Myrcene in leaves #23: deoxypodophyllotoxin in leaves #24: deoxypodophyllotoxin in bark

Endpoint Studies

#1: Mortality in mice #2: epileptogenic effect #3: gastrointestinal toxicity in horses

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Cantrell, Charles L., Zheljazkov, Valcho D., Osbrink, Weste L. A., Castro, Amaya., Maddox, Victor., Craker, Lyle E., Astatkie, Tess. Podophyllotoxin and essential oil profile of Juniperus and related species. industrial crops and products, 2013, vol. 43, p. 668–676. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.69
Internal remarks:

Myrcene in unspecified parts

Composition #2: Pavela, Roman., Stepanycheva, Elena., Shchenikova, Anna., Chermenskaya, Taisiya., Petrova, Mariya. Essential oils as prospective fumigants against Tetranychus urticae Koch. industrial crops and products, 2016, vol. 94, p. 755–761. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

alpha-thujone (RF-00003676-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10.4
Internal remarks:

Alpha-thujone in unspecified part

Composition #3: Pavela, Roman., Stepanycheva, Elena., Shchenikova, Anna., Chermenskaya, Taisiya., Petrova, Mariya. Essential oils as prospective fumigants against Tetranychus urticae Koch. industrial crops and products, 2016, vol. 94, p. 755–761. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

fenchone (RF-00003814-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

14.1
Internal remarks:

fenchone in unspecified part

Composition #4: Pavela, Roman., Stepanycheva, Elena., Shchenikova, Anna., Chermenskaya, Taisiya., Petrova, Mariya. Essential oils as prospective fumigants against Tetranychus urticae Koch. industrial crops and products, 2016, vol. 94, p. 755–761. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

beta-thujone (RF-00003712-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

52.1
Internal remarks:

Beta-thujone in unspecified part

Composition #5: Pavela, Roman., Stepanycheva, Elena., Shchenikova, Anna., Chermenskaya, Taisiya., Petrova, Mariya. Essential oils as prospective fumigants against Tetranychus urticae Koch. industrial crops and products, 2016, vol. 94, p. 755–761. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.6
Internal remarks:

Camphor in unspecified part

Composition #6: Kamdem, P.D., Hanover, J.W., Gage, D.A. Contribution to the study of the essential oil of Thuja occidentalis L.. journal of essential oil research, 1993, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 117–122. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1993.9698189. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

pilot scale steam distillation, cool hexane solvent extraction, and laboratory steam microdistillation (foliage)
Substance:

beta-thujone (RF-00003712-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

7.2 - 11
Internal remarks:

Beta-thujone in foliage

Composition #7: Kamdem, P.D., Hanover, J.W., Gage, D.A. Contribution to the study of the essential oil of Thuja occidentalis L.. journal of essential oil research, 1993, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 117–122. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1993.9698189. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

pilot scale steam distillation, cool hexane solvent extraction, and laboratory steam microdistillation (foliage)
Substance:

alpha-thujone (RF-00003676-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

39 - 56
Internal remarks:

alpha-thujona in foliage

Composition #8: Kamdem, P.D., Hanover, J.W., Gage, D.A. Contribution to the study of the essential oil of Thuja occidentalis L.. journal of essential oil research, 1993, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 117–122. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1993.9698189. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

pilot scale steam distillation, cool hexane solvent extraction, and laboratory steam microdistillation (foliage)
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.5 - 3.3
Internal remarks:

camphor in foliage

Composition #9: Kamdem, P.D., Hanover, J.W., Gage, D.A. Contribution to the study of the essential oil of Thuja occidentalis L.. journal of essential oil research, 1993, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 117–122. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1993.9698189. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

pilot scale steam distillation, cool hexane solvent extraction, and laboratory steam microdistillation (foliage)
Substance:

fenchone (RF-00003814-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6 - 15
Internal remarks:

fenchone in foliage

Composition #10: Khatun, A., Rahman, M., Haque, T., Rahman, M.M., Akter, M., Akter, S., Jhumur, A. Cytotoxicity potentials of eleven Bangladeshi medicinal plants. scientific world journal, 2014, vol. 2014 . DOI: 10.1155/2014/913127. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids in barks

Composition #11: Khatun, A., Rahman, M., Haque, T., Rahman, M.M., Akter, M., Akter, S., Jhumur, A. Cytotoxicity potentials of eleven Bangladeshi medicinal plants. scientific world journal, 2014, vol. 2014 . DOI: 10.1155/2014/913127. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins in leaves

Composition #12: Khatun, A., Rahman, M., Haque, T., Rahman, M.M., Akter, M., Akter, S., Jhumur, A. Cytotoxicity potentials of eleven Bangladeshi medicinal plants. scientific world journal, 2014, vol. 2014 . DOI: 10.1155/2014/913127. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins in barks

Composition #13: Khatun, A., Rahman, M., Haque, T., Rahman, M.M., Akter, M., Akter, S., Jhumur, A. Cytotoxicity potentials of eleven Bangladeshi medicinal plants. scientific world journal, 2014, vol. 2014 . DOI: 10.1155/2014/913127. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins in barks

Composition #14: Kupeli Akkol, Esra., Ilhan, Mert., Ayse Demirel, Murside., Keles, Hikmet., Tumen, Ibrahim., Suntar, Ipek. Thuja occidentalis L. and its active compound, alpha-thujone: Promising effects in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome without inducing osteoporosis. . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2015, vol. 168, p. 25–30. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.029. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

beta-thujone (RF-00003712-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.14
Internal remarks:

Beta-thujone in leaves

Composition #15: Kupeli Akkol, Esra., Ilhan, Mert., Ayse Demirel, Murside., Keles, Hikmet., Tumen, Ibrahim., Suntar, Ipek. Thuja occidentalis L. and its active compound, alpha-thujone: Promising effects in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome without inducing osteoporosis. . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2015, vol. 168, p. 25–30. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.029. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.27
Internal remarks:

Myrcene in leaves

Composition #16: Kupeli Akkol, Esra., Ilhan, Mert., Ayse Demirel, Murside., Keles, Hikmet., Tumen, Ibrahim., Suntar, Ipek. Thuja occidentalis L. and its active compound, alpha-thujone: Promising effects in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome without inducing osteoporosis. . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2015, vol. 168, p. 25–30. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.029. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

alpha-thujone (RF-00003676-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

49.75
Internal remarks:

Alpha-thujone in leaves

Composition #17: Kawai, S., Sugishita, K., Ohashi, H. Identification of Thuja occidentalis lignans and its biosynthetic relationship . phytochemistry, 1999, vol. 51, no. 2, p. 243–247. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00004-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

lignans (RF-00004361-PAR)
Additional substance description:

secoisolariciresinol
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR, TLC, HPLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

lignans (secoisolariciresinol) in leaves

Composition #18: Kawai, S., Sugishita, K., Ohashi, H. Identification of Thuja occidentalis lignans and its biosynthetic relationship . phytochemistry, 1999, vol. 51, no. 2, p. 243–247. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00004-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH (from branch xylem)
Substance:

lignans (RF-00004361-PAR)
Additional substance description:

matairesinol, thujaplicatin methyl ether, wikstromol, 4-O-demethylyatein, pinoresinol, 8-hydroxy- thujaplicatin methyl ether and epi-pinoresinol
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR, TLC, HPLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

lignans (matairesinol, thujaplicatin methyl ether, wikstromol, 4-O-demethylyatein, pinoresinol, 8-hydroxy- thujaplicatin methyl ether and epi-pinoresinol) in branch xylem

Composition #19: Chang, LC., Song, LL., Park, EJ., Luyengi, L., Lee, KJ., Farnsworth, NR., Pezzuto, JM., Kinghorn, AD. Bioactive constituents of Thuja occidentalis. journal of natural products, 2000, vol. 63, no. 9, p. 1235–1238. DOI: 10.1021/np0001575. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH, H2O, petroleum ether and EtOAc (leaves and twigs)
Substance:

Yatein (RF-00011078-PAR)
Additional substance description:

isopicrodeoxypodophyllotoxin, deoxypodophyllotoxin
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

reversed-phase semipreparative HPLC, NMR, MS, IR, UV
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

deoxypodorhizone in leaves and twigs

Composition #20: Chang, LC., Song, LL., Park, EJ., Luyengi, L., Lee, KJ., Farnsworth, NR., Pezzuto, JM., Kinghorn, AD. Bioactive constituents of Thuja occidentalis. journal of natural products, 2000, vol. 63, no. 9, p. 1235–1238. DOI: 10.1021/np0001575. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH, H2O, petroleum ether and EtOAc (leaves and twigs)
Substance:

deoxypodophyllotoxin (RF-00003769-PAR)
Additional substance description:

isopicrodeoxypodophyllotoxin, deoxypodophyllotoxin
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

reversed-phase semipreparative HPLC, NMR, MS, IR, UV
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

isopicrodeoxypodophyllotoxin, deoxypodophyllotoxin in leaves and twigs

Composition #21: Benelli, Giovanni., Flamini, Guido., Canale, Angelo., Cioni, Pier Luigi., Conti, Barbara. Toxicity of some essential oil formulations against the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera Tephritidae) . crop protection, 2012, vol. 42, p. 223–229. DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2012.05.024. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

alpha-cedrol (RF-00003645-PAR)
Additional substance description:

cedrol
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10.3
Internal remarks:

cedrol in leaves

Composition #22: Benelli, Giovanni., Flamini, Guido., Canale, Angelo., Cioni, Pier Luigi., Conti, Barbara. Toxicity of some essential oil formulations against the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera Tephritidae) . crop protection, 2012, vol. 42, p. 223–229. DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2012.05.024. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.1
Internal remarks:

Myrcene in leaves

Composition #23: Yang, Jin., Liang, Qian., Wang, Mei., Jeffries, Cynthia., Smithson, David., Tu, Ying., Boulos, Nidal., Jacob, Melissa R., Shelat, Anang A., Wu, Yunshan., Ravu, Ranga Rao., Gilbertson, Richard., Avery, Mitchell A., Khan, Ikhlas A., Walker, Larry A., Guy, R. Kiplin., Li, Xing-Cong. UPLC-MS-ELSD-PDA as a Powerful Dereplication Tool to Facilitate Compound Identification from Small-Molecule Natural Product Libraries . journal of natural products, 2014, vol. 77, no. 4, p. 902–909. DOI: 10.1021/np4009706. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

deoxypodophyllotoxin (RF-00003769-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-ELSD (F327A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UPLC-MS-ELSD-PDA
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

deoxypodophyllotoxin in leaves

Composition #24: Yang, Jin., Liang, Qian., Wang, Mei., Jeffries, Cynthia., Smithson, David., Tu, Ying., Boulos, Nidal., Jacob, Melissa R., Shelat, Anang A., Wu, Yunshan., Ravu, Ranga Rao., Gilbertson, Richard., Avery, Mitchell A., Khan, Ikhlas A., Walker, Larry A., Guy, R. Kiplin., Li, Xing-Cong. UPLC-MS-ELSD-PDA as a Powerful Dereplication Tool to Facilitate Compound Identification from Small-Molecule Natural Product Libraries . journal of natural products, 2014, vol. 77, no. 4, p. 902–909. DOI: 10.1021/np4009706. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

deoxypodophyllotoxin (RF-00003769-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-ELSD (F327A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UPLC-MS-ELSD-PDA
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

deoxypodophyllotoxin in bark

Endpoint study #1: Logarto Parra, A., Silva Yhebra, R., Guerra Sardinas, I., Iglesias Buela, L. Comparative study of the assay of Artemia salina L. and the estimate of the medium lethal dose (LD50 value) in mice, to determine oral acute toxicity of plant extracts. . phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2001, vol. 8, no. 5, p. 395–400. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Methanol (Foliage)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Limit test:

No
Guideline used:

Equivalent or similar to
Guideline:

OTHER GUIDELINE (OECD2246PL)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

24.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose producing lethality in 50% of experimental organisms (CHD024EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

440
Critical effect:

Other toxicities (TOX19A)
Effect description:

(Mortality among 50% of the experimental mice) LD50 of 440 mg/Kg in mice (according to the OECD, 1987 guidelines)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

Mortality in mice

Endpoint study #2: Burkhard, PR., Burkhardt, K., Haenggeli, CA., Landis, T. Plant-induced seizures: reappearance of an old problem. journal of neurology, 1999, vol. 246, no. 8, p. 667–670. DOI: 10.1007/s004150050429. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Type of toxicological test:

other (CHD008TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

Convulsant essential oils due to the presence of epileptogenic compounds (Thujone, fenchone, camphor)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

epileptogenic effect

Endpoint study #3: Caloni, F., Cortinovis, C. Plants poisonous to horses in Europe. equine veterinary education, 2015, vol. 27, no. 5, p. 269–274. DOI: 10.1111/eve.12274. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Additional plant/substance description:

(branches)
Type of toxicological test:

other (CHD008TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Horse (as animal) (A0B9Z)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

Second most common plant intoxication among horses in France. Clinical signs of poisoning include hyper-salivation, colic, bloating and bloody diarrhoea
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

gastrointestinal toxicity in horses