EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Teucrium polium L.

Family:: Lamiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 671
Number of processed references:: 10

Compositions

#1: podophyllotoxin in aerial part #2: Menthone in aerial parts #3: Carvone in aerial parts #4: Myrcene in aerial parts #5: Verbenone in aerial parts #6: Teulolins A and B, auropolin, capitanin, teulamifin B in aerial parts #7: polyusaposide A, B, C in aerial parts

Endpoint Studies

#1: case report: hepatotoxicity #2: hepatotoxicity in mice after 30 days application #3: acute toxicity in mice, hepatotoxicity #4: mortality and changes in respiratory rhythm in female rats #5: hepatorenal toxicity in rats #6: case report: acute hepatotoxicity

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Konuklugil, Belma. Investigation of podophyllotoxin in some plants in Lamiaceae using HPLC. ankara universitesi eczacilik fakultesi dergisi, 1996, vol. 25, no. 1, p. 23–27. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloromethan
Substance:

podophyllotoxin (RF-00004001-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.09
Internal remarks:

podophyllotoxin in aerial part

Composition #2: Afifi, F.U., Abu-Irmaileh, B.E., Al-Noubani, R.A. Comparative analysis of the essential oils of Teucrium polium L. grown in different arid & semi arid habitats in Jordan. jordan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2009, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 42–52. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hexane
Substance:

menthone (RF-00011280-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.56-2.65
Internal remarks:

Menthone in aerial parts

Composition #3: Afifi, F.U., Abu-Irmaileh, B.E., Al-Noubani, R.A. Comparative analysis of the essential oils of Teucrium polium L. grown in different arid & semi arid habitats in Jordan. jordan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2009, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 42–52. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hexane
Substance:

Carvone (RF-0538-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.88-1.35
Internal remarks:

Carvone in aerial parts

Composition #4: Chizzola, R. Volatile compounds from some wild growing aromatic herbs of the Lamiaceae from southern France . plant biosystems, 2006, vol. 140, no. 2, p. 206–210. DOI: 10.1080/11263500600756587. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

dichloromethane
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5-11.5
Internal remarks:

Myrcene in aerial parts

Composition #5: De Martino, Laura., Formisano, Carmen., Mancini, Emilia., De Feo, Vincenzo., Piozzi, Franco., Rigano, Daniela., Senatore, Felice. Chemical Composition and Phytotoxic Effects of Essential Oils from Four Teucrium Species . natural product communications, 2010, vol. 5, no. 12, p. 1969–1976. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

Verbenone (RF-00010114-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.0
Internal remarks:

Verbenone in aerial parts

Composition #6: Scognamiglio, Monica., D'Abrosca, Brigida., Pacifico, Severina., Isidori, Marina., Esposito, Assunta., Fiorentino, Antonio., Patil, BS., Jayaprakasha, GK., Murthy, KNC., Seeram, NP. Mediterranean Wild Plants As Useful Sources of Potential Natural Food Additives . emerging trends in dietary components for preventing and combating disease, 2012, vol. 1093, p. 209–235. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

clerodane-type diterpenes (RF-00004350-PAR)
Additional substance description:

teulolins A and B, auropolin, capitanin, teulamifin B
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Teulolins A and B, auropolin, capitanin, teulamifin B in aerial parts

Composition #7: Elmasri, Wael A., Hegazy, Mohamed-Elamir F., Mechref, Yehia., Pare, Paul W. Cytotoxic saponin poliusaposide from Teucrium polium. rsc advances, 2015, vol. 5, no. 34, p. 27126–27133. DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02713f. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

CH2Cl2–MeOH
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

polyusaposide A, B, C
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

MS, IR, UV, HPLC-MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

polyusaposide A, B, C in aerial parts

Endpoint study #1: Soylu, A.R., Sivri, B., Bayraktar, Y. Hepatoxicity of Teucrium polium. turkish journal of gastroenterology, 1998, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 196–197. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
Exposure duration:

2.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Month (G206A)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Grams per day (G233A)
Effect concentration:

10
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

increased liver enzymes, hepatotoxicity
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

case report: hepatotoxicity

Endpoint study #2: Abu Sitta, K.H., Shomah, M.S., Salhab, A.S. Hepatotoxicity of teucrium polium L tea: Supporting evidence in mice models. australian journal of medical herbalism, 2009, vol. 21, no. 4, p. 106–109. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Balb/c (CHD002ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

30.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Grams per kilogram body weight (G226A)
Effect concentration:

0.1
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

increased liver weight, increased LDH, APL, decreased cholesterol and triglyceride, mild lobar hepatitis
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

hepatotoxicity in mice after 30 days application

Endpoint study #3: Abu Sitta, K.H., Shomah, M.S., Salhab, A.S. Hepatotoxicity of teucrium polium L tea: Supporting evidence in mice models. australian journal of medical herbalism, 2009, vol. 21, no. 4, p. 106–109. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Balb/c (CHD002ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Unit of exposure duration:

single (food/feed) (G203A)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Grams per kilogram body weight (G226A)
Effect concentration:

1.5
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

increase in plasma level of ALT, LDH, ALP and GGT, histopathological changes: coagulation necrosis, fatty changes and lobar hepatitis with infiltration of lymphocytes
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

acute toxicity in mice, hepatotoxicity

Endpoint study #4: Bachtarzi, K., Hilmi, S., Laouar, H., Belkheiri, A., Pacha, Y.H. The chronic toxic effect of Teucrium polium aqueous extract on some blood parameters in rat. der pharma chemica, 2016, vol. 8, no. 19, p. 384–387. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Guideline:

OECD GUIDELINE 407 (REPEATED DOSE 28-DAY ORAL TOXICITY IN RODENTS) (OECD1255PL)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

90.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

2500
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

respiratory: Lung (TT041A)
Effect description:

Mortality and changes in respiratory rhythm
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

mortality and changes in respiratory rhythm in female rats

Endpoint study #5: Bachtarzi, K., Hilmi, S., Laouar, H., Belkheiri, A., Pacha, Y.H. The chronic toxic effect of Teucrium polium aqueous extract on some blood parameters in rat. der pharma chemica, 2016, vol. 8, no. 19, p. 384–387. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Guideline:

OECD GUIDELINE 407 (REPEATED DOSE 28-DAY ORAL TOXICITY IN RODENTS) (OECD1255PL)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

90.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

20
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

1600
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

lethargy, weakness, observed included lethargy, self-isolation, heavy breathing, changes in fur patterns, abnormally slow motor and reflex activities, decreased liver and kidney weight, increased AST level
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

organ weights (CHD012BE)
Internal remarks:

hepatorenal toxicity in rats

Endpoint study #6: Starakis, Ioannis., Siagris, Dimitrios., Leonidou, Lydia., Mazokopakis, Elias., Tsamandas, Athanasios., Karatza, Chrysoula. Hepatitis caused by the herbal remedy Teucrium polium L.. european journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2006, vol. 18, no. 6, p. 681–683. DOI: 10.1097/00042737-200606000-00016. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

mild painless jaundice, dark urine, light stools, increased activity of liver enzymes, increased total bilirubine and cholesterol, histopathological changes
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

case report: acute hepatotoxicity