EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Sch.Bip. // Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trevir). Vis.

Family:: Asteraceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 755
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: Pyrethrins in flowers. #2: Pyrethrins in leaves #3: Pyrethrins in flowers #4: Jasmolin II in flowers #5: Total pyrethrins in flowers #6: Cinerin I in flowers #7: Cinerin II in flowers #8: Pyrethrin II in flowers #9: Jasmolin I in flowers #10: Pyrethrin I in flowers #11: Pyrethins in petals #12: total thiophene in flowers #13: total thiophene in roots #14: total thiophene in leaves #15: total thiophene in stems

Endpoint Studies

#1: Reproductive toxicity (fetus resorption) of pyrethrins in rats dosed from 6th to 15th day of gestation. #2: Teratogenicity (skeletal abberations) in rats dosed with pyrethrins from 6th to 15th day of gestation.

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Morris, SE., Davies, NW., Brown, PH., Groom, T. Effect of drying conditions on pyrethrins content. industrial crops and products, 2006, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 9–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.01.007. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Hexane
Substance:

Pyrethrins (RF-0374-001-PPP)
Additional substance description:

Pyrethrin I + pyrethrin II
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.12 -2.69
Internal remarks:

Pyrethrins in flowers.

Composition #2: Yang, Ting., Stoopen, Geert., Wiegers, Gerrie., Mao, Jing., Wang, Caiyun., Dicke, Marcel., Jongsma, Maarten A. Pyrethrins Protect Pyrethrum Leaves Against Attack by Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis . journal of chemical ecology, 2012, vol. 38, no. 4, p. 370–377. DOI: 10.1007/s10886-012-0097-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:

Unspecified
Substance:

Pyrethrins (RF-0374-001-PPP)
Additional substance description:

pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, cinerin I, cinerin II, jasmolin I, jasmolin II
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.1
Internal remarks:

Pyrethrins in leaves

Composition #3: Yang, Ting., Stoopen, Geert., Wiegers, Gerrie., Mao, Jing., Wang, Caiyun., Dicke, Marcel., Jongsma, Maarten A. Pyrethrins Protect Pyrethrum Leaves Against Attack by Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis . journal of chemical ecology, 2012, vol. 38, no. 4, p. 370–377. DOI: 10.1007/s10886-012-0097-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Pyrethrins (RF-0374-001-PPP)
Additional substance description:

Parethrin I and II, cinerin I and II, jasmolin I and II
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1 - 2
Internal remarks:

Pyrethrins in flowers

Composition #4: Babic, S., Grdisa, M., Perisa, M., Asperger, D., Satovic, Z., Kastelan-Macan, M. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of pyrethrins from pyrethrum flowers. agrochimica, 2012, vol. 56, no. 4-5, p. 193–206. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone and ethanol
Substance:

Jasmolin II (RF-0374-005-PPP)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.16 - 0.19
Internal remarks:

Jasmolin II in flowers

Composition #5: Babic, S., Grdisa, M., Perisa, M., Asperger, D., Satovic, Z., Kastelan-Macan, M. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of pyrethrins from pyrethrum flowers. agrochimica, 2012, vol. 56, no. 4-5, p. 193–206. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone and ethanol
Substance:

Pyrethrins (RF-0374-001-PPP)
Additional substance description:

Total pyrethrins
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10.45 - 11.96
Internal remarks:

Total pyrethrins in flowers

Composition #6: Babic, S., Grdisa, M., Perisa, M., Asperger, D., Satovic, Z., Kastelan-Macan, M. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of pyrethrins from pyrethrum flowers. agrochimica, 2012, vol. 56, no. 4-5, p. 193–206. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone and ethanol
Substance:

Cinerin I (RF-1066-002-PPP)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.60 - 1.25
Internal remarks:

Cinerin I in flowers

Composition #7: Babic, S., Grdisa, M., Perisa, M., Asperger, D., Satovic, Z., Kastelan-Macan, M. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of pyrethrins from pyrethrum flowers. agrochimica, 2012, vol. 56, no. 4-5, p. 193–206. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone and ethanol
Substance:

Cinerin II (RF-1066-003-PPP)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.52 - 0.57
Internal remarks:

Cinerin II in flowers

Composition #8: Babic, S., Grdisa, M., Perisa, M., Asperger, D., Satovic, Z., Kastelan-Macan, M. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of pyrethrins from pyrethrum flowers. agrochimica, 2012, vol. 56, no. 4-5, p. 193–206. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone and ethanol
Substance:

Pyrethrin II (RF-0374-003-PPP)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.25-4.31
Internal remarks:

Pyrethrin II in flowers

Composition #9: Babic, S., Grdisa, M., Perisa, M., Asperger, D., Satovic, Z., Kastelan-Macan, M. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of pyrethrins from pyrethrum flowers. agrochimica, 2012, vol. 56, no. 4-5, p. 193–206. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone and ethanol
Substance:

Jasmolin I (RF-0374-004-PPP)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.23 - 0.36
Internal remarks:

Jasmolin I in flowers

Composition #10: Babic, S., Grdisa, M., Perisa, M., Asperger, D., Satovic, Z., Kastelan-Macan, M. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of pyrethrins from pyrethrum flowers. agrochimica, 2012, vol. 56, no. 4-5, p. 193–206. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone and ethanol
Substance:

Pyrethrin I (RF-0374-002-PPP)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.53-7.42
Internal remarks:

Pyrethrin I in flowers

Composition #11: Stanciu, Gabriela., Lupsor, Simona., Sirbu, Rodica. QUANITITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PYRETHRINS FROM CHRYSANTHEMUM CINERARIIAEFOLIUM AND CHRYSANTHEMUM LEUCANTEUM PETALS . journal of science and arts, 2017, no. 1, p. 141–146. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol extraction of dried material
Substance:

Pyrethrins (RF-0374-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.82
Internal remarks:

Pyrethins in petals

Composition #12: TOSI, B., BONORA, A., DALLOLIO, G., BRUNI, A. SCREENING FOR TOXIC THIOPHENE COMPOUNDS FROM CRUDE DRUGS OF THE FAMILY COMPOSITAE USED IN NORTHERN ITALY . phytotherapy research, 1991, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 59–62. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2650050204. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol extraction of dried leaves, flowers, stems and roots
Substance:

Thiophene (RF-00008087-PAR)
Additional substance description:

total thiophene [BBTOH, 5-(4-hydroxy-lbutenyl)-2,2’ bithienyl; BBTOAC, 5-(4-acetoxy-l-butenyll-2-2’ bithenyl)]
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

56
Internal remarks:

total thiophene in flowers

Composition #13: TOSI, B., BONORA, A., DALLOLIO, G., BRUNI, A. SCREENING FOR TOXIC THIOPHENE COMPOUNDS FROM CRUDE DRUGS OF THE FAMILY COMPOSITAE USED IN NORTHERN ITALY . phytotherapy research, 1991, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 59–62. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2650050204. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol extraction of dried leaves, flowers, stems and roots
Substance:

Thiophene (RF-00008087-PAR)
Additional substance description:

total thiophene [BBTOH, 5-(4-hydroxy-lbutenyl)-2,2’ bithienyl; BBTOAC, 5-(4-acetoxy-l-butenyll-2-2’ bithenyl)]
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

22
Internal remarks:

total thiophene in roots

Composition #14: TOSI, B., BONORA, A., DALLOLIO, G., BRUNI, A. SCREENING FOR TOXIC THIOPHENE COMPOUNDS FROM CRUDE DRUGS OF THE FAMILY COMPOSITAE USED IN NORTHERN ITALY . phytotherapy research, 1991, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 59–62. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2650050204. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol extraction of dried leaves, flowers, stems and roots
Substance:

Thiophene (RF-00008087-PAR)
Additional substance description:

total thiophene [BBTOH, 5-(4-hydroxy-lbutenyl)-2,2’ bithienyl; BBTOAC, 5-(4-acetoxy-l-butenyll-2-2’ bithenyl)]
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

23
Internal remarks:

total thiophene in leaves

Composition #15: TOSI, B., BONORA, A., DALLOLIO, G., BRUNI, A. SCREENING FOR TOXIC THIOPHENE COMPOUNDS FROM CRUDE DRUGS OF THE FAMILY COMPOSITAE USED IN NORTHERN ITALY . phytotherapy research, 1991, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 59–62. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2650050204. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol extraction of dried leaves, flowers, stems and roots
Substance:

Thiophene (RF-00008087-PAR)
Additional substance description:

total thiophene [BBTOH, 5-(4-hydroxy-lbutenyl)-2,2’ bithienyl; BBTOAC, 5-(4-acetoxy-l-butenyll-2-2’ bithenyl)]
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

17
Internal remarks:

total thiophene in stems

Endpoint study #1: KHERA, KS., WHALEN, C., ANGERS, G. TERATOGENICITY STUDY ON PYRETHRUM AND ROTENONE (NATURAL ORIGIN) AND RONNEL IN PREGNANT RATS . journal of toxicology and environmental health, 1982, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 111–119. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Pyrethrins (RF-0374-001-PPP)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Additional plant/substance description:

"pyrethrum" containing 10.94 % of pyrethrin I and 9.06 % of pyrethrin II
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Limit test:

No
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

10.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

20
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

50
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Uterus (TT052A)
Effect description:

Resorption of fetus
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

Reproductive toxicity (fetus resorption) of pyrethrins in rats dosed from 6th to 15th day of gestation.

Endpoint study #2: KHERA, KS., WHALEN, C., ANGERS, G. TERATOGENICITY STUDY ON PYRETHRUM AND ROTENONE (NATURAL ORIGIN) AND RONNEL IN PREGNANT RATS . journal of toxicology and environmental health, 1982, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 111–119. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Pyrethrins (RF-0374-001-PPP)
Additional plant/substance description:

"pyrethrum" containing 10.94 % of pyrethrin I and 9.06 % of pyrethrin II
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Limit test:

No
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

10.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

20
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Lowest observed adverse effect level (CHD026EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

100
Critical effect:

TERATOGENIC (TOX06A)
Target tissue:

Muscle, Skeletal (TT055A)
Effect description:

Number of anomalous fetuses, skeletal abberations
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

development (CHD006BE)
Internal remarks:

Teratogenicity (skeletal abberations) in rats dosed with pyrethrins from 6th to 15th day of gestation.