EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Tabernanthe iboga Baill.

Family:: Apocynaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 228
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Ibogaine in root #2: Ibogamine in root #3: ibogaine in roots #4: voacangine in roots #5: ibogaline, roots #6: ibochine in roots #7: iboluteine, roots #8: ibogamine, roots

Endpoint Studies

#1: mortality following consumption of powdered iboga root in a 27 year old male #2: mortality following consumption of powdered root bark in a 48 year old man #3: mortality fall in blood pressure, heart failure, seizures, paralysis, and respiratory arrest in 37 year old male #4: mortality following consumption of iboga in man caused by root #5: mortality following consumption of iboga in a 48 year old man #6: mortality following consumption of iboga in a woman

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Mazoyer, C., Carlier, J., Peoc'H, M., Lemeur, C., Boucher, A., Bévalot, F., Guitton, J., Gaillard, Y. Fatal intoxication after taking iboga: GC-MS/MS determination of ibogaine and ibogamine in iboga roots and post-mortem material Intoxication mortelle à l' iboga: Quantification de l'ibogaïne et de l'ibogamine dans des racines d' iboga et dans des prélè vements post-mortem par CPG-SM/SM . annales de toxicologie analytique, 2012, vol. 24, no. 1, p. 39–47. DOI: 10.1051/ata/2012001. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Powder (A06JD)
Substance:

ibogaine (RF-00003873-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS/MS (F049A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

7.2
Internal remarks:

Ibogaine in root

Composition #2: Mazoyer, C., Carlier, J., Peoc'H, M., Lemeur, C., Boucher, A., Bévalot, F., Guitton, J., Gaillard, Y. Fatal intoxication after taking iboga: GC-MS/MS determination of ibogaine and ibogamine in iboga roots and post-mortem material Intoxication mortelle à l' iboga: Quantification de l'ibogaïne et de l'ibogamine dans des racines d' iboga et dans des prélè vements post-mortem par CPG-SM/SM . annales de toxicologie analytique, 2012, vol. 24, no. 1, p. 39–47. DOI: 10.1051/ata/2012001. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Powder (A06JD)
Substance:

indole alkaloids (RF-00004503-PAR)
Additional substance description:

ibogamine
Analytical method code:

GC-MS/MS (F049A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.6
Internal remarks:

Ibogamine in root

Composition #3: Kontrimaviciute, V., Mathieu, O., Balas, L., Escale, R., Blayac, Jean Pierre., Bressolle, F. M. M. Ibogaine and noribogaine: Structural analysis and stability studies. Use of LC-MS to determine alkaloid contents of the root bark of Tabernanthe iboga . journal of liquid chromatography & related technologies, 2007, vol. 30, no. 5-8, p. 1077–1092. DOI: 10.1080/10826070601128451. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, hydrochloric acid
Substance:

ibogaine (RF-00003873-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.8-5.93
Internal remarks:

ibogaine in roots

Composition #4: Kontrimaviciute, V., Mathieu, O., Balas, L., Escale, R., Blayac, Jean Pierre., Bressolle, F. M. M. Ibogaine and noribogaine: Structural analysis and stability studies. Use of LC-MS to determine alkaloid contents of the root bark of Tabernanthe iboga . journal of liquid chromatography & related technologies, 2007, vol. 30, no. 5-8, p. 1077–1092. DOI: 10.1080/10826070601128451. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, hydrochloric acid
Substance:

voacangine (RF-00003631-PAR)
Additional substance description:

The content in percentage of the content of ibogaine, reported in a range of 1.8-5.93 mg/g
Substance used for equivalence:

ibogaine (RF-00003873-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

30.5
Internal remarks:

voacangine in roots

Composition #5: Kontrimaviciute, V., Mathieu, O., Balas, L., Escale, R., Blayac, Jean Pierre., Bressolle, F. M. M. Ibogaine and noribogaine: Structural analysis and stability studies. Use of LC-MS to determine alkaloid contents of the root bark of Tabernanthe iboga . journal of liquid chromatography & related technologies, 2007, vol. 30, no. 5-8, p. 1077–1092. DOI: 10.1080/10826070601128451. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, hydrochloric acid
Substance:

indole alkaloids (RF-00004503-PAR)
Additional substance description:

ibogaline, in percentage of the content of ibogaine, reported in a range of 1.8-5.93 mg/g
Substance used for equivalence:

ibogaine (RF-00003873-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

11.9
Internal remarks:

ibogaline, roots

Composition #6: Kontrimaviciute, V., Mathieu, O., Balas, L., Escale, R., Blayac, Jean Pierre., Bressolle, F. M. M. Ibogaine and noribogaine: Structural analysis and stability studies. Use of LC-MS to determine alkaloid contents of the root bark of Tabernanthe iboga . journal of liquid chromatography & related technologies, 2007, vol. 30, no. 5-8, p. 1077–1092. DOI: 10.1080/10826070601128451. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, hydrochloric acid
Substance:

indole alkaloids (RF-00004503-PAR)
Additional substance description:

ibochine
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

ibochine in roots

Composition #7: Kontrimaviciute, V., Mathieu, O., Balas, L., Escale, R., Blayac, Jean Pierre., Bressolle, F. M. M. Ibogaine and noribogaine: Structural analysis and stability studies. Use of LC-MS to determine alkaloid contents of the root bark of Tabernanthe iboga . journal of liquid chromatography & related technologies, 2007, vol. 30, no. 5-8, p. 1077–1092. DOI: 10.1080/10826070601128451. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, hydrochloric acid
Substance:

indole alkaloids (RF-00004503-PAR)
Additional substance description:

iboluteine
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

iboluteine, roots

Composition #8: Kontrimaviciute, V., Mathieu, O., Balas, L., Escale, R., Blayac, Jean Pierre., Bressolle, F. M. M. Ibogaine and noribogaine: Structural analysis and stability studies. Use of LC-MS to determine alkaloid contents of the root bark of Tabernanthe iboga . journal of liquid chromatography & related technologies, 2007, vol. 30, no. 5-8, p. 1077–1092. DOI: 10.1080/10826070601128451. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, hydrochloric acid
Substance:

indole alkaloids (RF-00004503-PAR)
Additional substance description:

ibogamine, in percentage of the content of ibogaine, reported in a range of 1.8-5.93 mg/g
Substance used for equivalence:

ibogaine (RF-00003873-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

21.5
Internal remarks:

ibogamine, roots

Endpoint study #1: Mazoyer, C., Carlier, J., Peoc'H, M., Lemeur, C., Boucher, A., Bévalot, F., Guitton, J., Gaillard, Y. Fatal intoxication after taking iboga: GC-MS/MS determination of ibogaine and ibogamine in iboga roots and post-mortem material Intoxication mortelle à l' iboga: Quantification de l'ibogaïne et de l'ibogamine dans des racines d' iboga et dans des prélè vements post-mortem par CPG-SM/SM . annales de toxicologie analytique, 2012, vol. 24, no. 1, p. 39–47. DOI: 10.1051/ata/2012001. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

ibogaine (RF-00003873-PAR)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Powder (A06JD)
Additional plant/substance description:

The powder was titrated at 7.2 per cent for ibogaine and 0.6 per cent for ibogamine
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)
Effect description:

heart and lung arrest, asphyxia and mortality in a 27-year-old man with a long history of drug addiction found dead 12 hours after ingesting powdered iboga root as part of a detoxification program
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

mortality following consumption of powdered iboga root in a 27 year old male

Endpoint study #2: Kontrimaviciute, Violeta., Mathieu, Olivier., Mathieu-Daude, Jean-Claude., Vainauskas, Paulius., Casper, Thierry., Baccino, Eric., Bressolle, Francoise M. M. Distribution of ibogaine and noribogaine in a man following a poisoning involving root bark of the Tabernanthe iboga shrub . journal of analytical toxicology, 2006, vol. 30, no. 7, p. 434–440. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

ibogaine (RF-00003873-PAR)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Powder (A06JD)
Additional plant/substance description:

powdered root bark with ibogaine and other indole alkaloids reported in the powder
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)
Effect description:

Poisoning symptoms: respiratory problems, difficulties in walking, vomiting, and visual hallucinations. Post mortem: pulmonary edema with hemorrhagic alveolitis and vascular congestion
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

mortality following consumption of powdered root bark in a 48 year old man

Endpoint study #3: Cheze, Marjorie., Lenoan, Aurelie., Deveaux, Marc., Pepin, Gilbert. Determination of ibogaine and noribogaine in biological fluids and hair by LC-MS/MS after Tabernanthe iboga abuse Iboga alkaloids distribution in a drowning death case . forensic science international, 2008, vol. 176, no. 1, p. 58–66. DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.08.013. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

ibogaine (RF-00003873-PAR)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)
Effect description:

mortality, fall in blood pressure, heart failure, seizures, paralysis, and respiratory arrest
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

mortality fall in blood pressure, heart failure, seizures, paralysis, and respiratory arrest in 37 year old male

Endpoint study #4: Cheze, Marjorie., Lenoan, Aurelie., Deveaux, Marc., Pepin, Gilbert. Determination of ibogaine and noribogaine in biological fluids and hair by LC-MS/MS after Tabernanthe iboga abuse Iboga alkaloids distribution in a drowning death case . forensic science international, 2008, vol. 176, no. 1, p. 58–66. DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.08.013. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

ibogaine (RF-00003873-PAR)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

85
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)
Effect description:

mortality
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

mortality following consumption of iboga in man caused by root

Endpoint study #5: Cheze, Marjorie., Lenoan, Aurelie., Deveaux, Marc., Pepin, Gilbert. Determination of ibogaine and noribogaine in biological fluids and hair by LC-MS/MS after Tabernanthe iboga abuse Iboga alkaloids distribution in a drowning death case . forensic science international, 2008, vol. 176, no. 1, p. 58–66. DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.08.013. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

ibogaine (RF-00003873-PAR)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)
Effect description:

mortality
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

mortality following consumption of iboga in a 48 year old man

Endpoint study #6: Cheze, Marjorie., Lenoan, Aurelie., Deveaux, Marc., Pepin, Gilbert. Determination of ibogaine and noribogaine in biological fluids and hair by LC-MS/MS after Tabernanthe iboga abuse Iboga alkaloids distribution in a drowning death case . forensic science international, 2008, vol. 176, no. 1, p. 58–66. DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.08.013. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

ibogaine (RF-00003873-PAR)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

29
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)
Effect description:

mortality
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

mortality following consumption of iboga in a woman