EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Spigelia anthelmia L.

Family:: Loganiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 67
Number of processed references:: 3

Compositions

#1: saponins in aerial parts #2: alkaloids in aerial parts #3: phlobotannins in aerial parts #4: tannins in aerial parts #5: cardiac glycosides in aerial parts #6: ryanodine in aerial parts #7: spiganthine in aerial parts

Endpoint Studies

#1: tachypnea and mortality in swiss albino mice, LD50

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Edeoga, HO., Okwu, DE., Mbaebie, BO. Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. african journal of biotechnology, 2005, vol. 4, no. 7, p. 685–688. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.26
Internal remarks:

saponins in aerial parts

Composition #2: Edeoga, HO., Okwu, DE., Mbaebie, BO. Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. african journal of biotechnology, 2005, vol. 4, no. 7, p. 685–688. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.84
Internal remarks:

alkaloids in aerial parts

Composition #3: Edeoga, HO., Okwu, DE., Mbaebie, BO. Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. african journal of biotechnology, 2005, vol. 4, no. 7, p. 685–688. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

phlobotannins (RF-00011481-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

phlobotannins in aerial parts

Composition #4: Edeoga, HO., Okwu, DE., Mbaebie, BO. Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. african journal of biotechnology, 2005, vol. 4, no. 7, p. 685–688. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

15.05
Internal remarks:

tannins in aerial parts

Composition #5: Edeoga, HO., Okwu, DE., Mbaebie, BO. Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. african journal of biotechnology, 2005, vol. 4, no. 7, p. 685–688. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

cardiac glycosides in aerial parts

Composition #6: ACHENBACH, H., HUBNER, H., VIERLING, W., BRANDT, W., REITER, M. CONSTITUENTS OF TROPICAL MEDICINAL-PLANTS .68. SPIGANTHINE, THE CARDIOACTIVE PRINCIPLE OF SPIGELIA-ANTHELMIA . journal of natural products-lloydia, 1995, vol. 58, no. 7, p. 1092–1096. DOI: 10.1021/np50121a019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

ryanodine (RF-00003570-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy (F060A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

ryanodine in aerial parts

Composition #7: ACHENBACH, H., HUBNER, H., VIERLING, W., BRANDT, W., REITER, M. CONSTITUENTS OF TROPICAL MEDICINAL-PLANTS .68. SPIGANTHINE, THE CARDIOACTIVE PRINCIPLE OF SPIGELIA-ANTHELMIA . journal of natural products-lloydia, 1995, vol. 58, no. 7, p. 1092–1096. DOI: 10.1021/np50121a019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

spiganthine (RF-00003586-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy (F060A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

spiganthine in aerial parts

Endpoint study #1: Camurca-Vasconcelos, ALF., Nascimento, NRF., Sousa, CM., Melo, LM., Morais, SM., Bevilaqua, CML., Rocha, MFG. Neuromuscular effects and acute toxicity of an ethyl acetate extract of Spigelia anthelmia Linn. . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2004, vol. 92, no. 2-3, p. 257–261. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethyl acetated extracts
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Swiss (CHD005ST)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

15.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Minute (G074A)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration producing lethality in 50% of experimental organisms (CHD023EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

345.9
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

Respiratory (TT005A)
Effect description:

tachypnea, dyspnea, mortality
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

tachypnea and mortality in swiss albino mice, LD50