EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Solanum americanum Mill. // Solanum nodiflorum Jacq.

Family:: Solanaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 5428
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: Gallic acid (unspecified part) #2: Solanine (unspecified part) #3: Protocatechuic acid (unspecified part) #4: Coumarin glycosides (aerial parts) #5: Oxalates (aerial parts) #6: Saponins (aerial parts) #7: Tannins (aerial parts) #8: Cardiac glycosides (aerial parts) #9: Alkaloids (aerial parts) #10: Saponins (Fresh leaves) #11: Alkaloids (Fresh leaves) #12: Tannins (Fresh leaves) #13: degalactotigonin (whole herb) #14: solmargine derrivative: beta2-solamargine (whole herb) #15: alpha-Solamargine (Fresh fruits) #16: Alkaloids (Fresh berries) #17: Tannins (Fresh berries) #18: Saponins (Fresh berries)

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Jeenu, Joseph., Lincy, Joseph., Mathew, George. Antiepileptic activity of some medicinal plants of solanaceae family-a review. world journal of pharmaceutical research, 2016, vol. 5, no. 8, p. 353–367. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Gallic acid (unspecified part)

Composition #2: Jeenu, Joseph., Lincy, Joseph., Mathew, George. Antiepileptic activity of some medicinal plants of solanaceae family-a review. world journal of pharmaceutical research, 2016, vol. 5, no. 8, p. 353–367. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

solanine (RF-00003582-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Solanine (unspecified part)

Composition #3: Jeenu, Joseph., Lincy, Joseph., Mathew, George. Antiepileptic activity of some medicinal plants of solanaceae family-a review. world journal of pharmaceutical research, 2016, vol. 5, no. 8, p. 353–367. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (RF-00008853-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Protocatechuic acid (unspecified part)

Composition #4: Sango, Caroline., Marufu, Lightone., Zimudzi, Clemence. Phytochemical, anti-nutrients and toxicity evaluation of Cleome gynandra and Solanum nigrum: common indigenous vegetables in Zimbabwe. british biotechnology journal, 2016, vol. 13, no. 3, p. No pp. given. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water and methanol
Substance:

Coumarin glycosides Coumarin glycosides (RF-00000810-VET)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coumarin glycosides (aerial parts)

Composition #5: Sango, Caroline., Marufu, Lightone., Zimudzi, Clemence. Phytochemical, anti-nutrients and toxicity evaluation of Cleome gynandra and Solanum nigrum: common indigenous vegetables in Zimbabwe. british biotechnology journal, 2016, vol. 13, no. 3, p. No pp. given. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water and methanol
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

21.560
Internal remarks:

Oxalates (aerial parts)

Composition #6: Sango, Caroline., Marufu, Lightone., Zimudzi, Clemence. Phytochemical, anti-nutrients and toxicity evaluation of Cleome gynandra and Solanum nigrum: common indigenous vegetables in Zimbabwe. british biotechnology journal, 2016, vol. 13, no. 3, p. No pp. given. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water and methanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

71
Internal remarks:

Saponins (aerial parts)

Composition #7: Sango, Caroline., Marufu, Lightone., Zimudzi, Clemence. Phytochemical, anti-nutrients and toxicity evaluation of Cleome gynandra and Solanum nigrum: common indigenous vegetables in Zimbabwe. british biotechnology journal, 2016, vol. 13, no. 3, p. No pp. given. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water and methanol
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.580
Internal remarks:

Tannins (aerial parts)

Composition #8: Sango, Caroline., Marufu, Lightone., Zimudzi, Clemence. Phytochemical, anti-nutrients and toxicity evaluation of Cleome gynandra and Solanum nigrum: common indigenous vegetables in Zimbabwe. british biotechnology journal, 2016, vol. 13, no. 3, p. No pp. given. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water and methanol
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cardiac glycosides (aerial parts)

Composition #9: Sango, Caroline., Marufu, Lightone., Zimudzi, Clemence. Phytochemical, anti-nutrients and toxicity evaluation of Cleome gynandra and Solanum nigrum: common indigenous vegetables in Zimbabwe. british biotechnology journal, 2016, vol. 13, no. 3, p. No pp. given. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water and methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

15.160
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (aerial parts)

Composition #10: Son, H.L., Yen, P.T.H. Preliminary phytochemical, acute oral toxicity and anticonvulsant activity of the leaves of solanum nigrum linn. life science journal, 2014, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 204–208. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

70% ethanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins (Fresh leaves)

Composition #11: Son, H.L., Yen, P.T.H. Preliminary phytochemical, acute oral toxicity and anticonvulsant activity of the leaves of solanum nigrum linn. life science journal, 2014, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 204–208. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

70% ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (Fresh leaves)

Composition #12: Son, H.L., Yen, P.T.H. Preliminary phytochemical, acute oral toxicity and anticonvulsant activity of the leaves of solanum nigrum linn. life science journal, 2014, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 204–208. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

70% ethanol
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins (Fresh leaves)

Composition #13: Hu, K., Kobayashi, H., Dong, AJ., Jing, YK., Iwasaki, S., Yao, XS. Antineoplastic agents III: Steroidal glycosides from Solanum nigrum. planta medica, 1999, vol. 65, no. 1, p. 35–38. DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-13958. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

75% ethanol
Substance:

steroidal glycosides (RF-00011482-PAR)
Additional substance description:

degalactotigonin
Analytical method code:

Element spectroscopy (F051A)
Analytical method - additional description:

IR spectroscopy
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

degalactotigonin (whole herb)

Composition #14: Hu, K., Kobayashi, H., Dong, AJ., Jing, YK., Iwasaki, S., Yao, XS. Antineoplastic agents III: Steroidal glycosides from Solanum nigrum. planta medica, 1999, vol. 65, no. 1, p. 35–38. DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-13958. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

75% ethanol
Substance:

solamargine (RF-00003581-PAR)
Additional substance description:

solmargine derrivative: beta2-solamargine
Analytical method code:

Element spectroscopy (F051A)
Analytical method - additional description:

IR spectroscopy
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

solmargine derrivative: beta2-solamargine (whole herb)

Composition #15: Al Chami, L., Mendez, R., Chataing, B., O'Callaghan, J., Usubillaga, A., LaCruz, L. Toxicological effects of alpha-solamargine in experimental animals. phytotherapy research, 2003, vol. 17, no. 3, p. 254–258. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1122. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

solamargine (RF-00003581-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alpha-Solamargine (Fresh fruits)

Composition #16: Hoang Le Son., Phan Thi Hai Yen. Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Acute Oral Toxicity and Anticonvulsant Activity of the Berries of Solanum nigrum Linn. tropical journal of pharmaceutical research, 2014, vol. 13, no. 6, p. 907–912. DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v13i6.12. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (Fresh berries)

Composition #17: Hoang Le Son., Phan Thi Hai Yen. Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Acute Oral Toxicity and Anticonvulsant Activity of the Berries of Solanum nigrum Linn. tropical journal of pharmaceutical research, 2014, vol. 13, no. 6, p. 907–912. DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v13i6.12. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins (Fresh berries)

Composition #18: Hoang Le Son., Phan Thi Hai Yen. Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Acute Oral Toxicity and Anticonvulsant Activity of the Berries of Solanum nigrum Linn. tropical journal of pharmaceutical research, 2014, vol. 13, no. 6, p. 907–912. DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v13i6.12. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins (Fresh berries)