EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Sida cordifolia L.

Family:: Malvaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 399
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: Ephedrine in plant (no details - review) #2: Pseudoephedrine in plant (no details - review) #3: Ephedrine in roots #4: Ephedrine in roots #5: Ephedrine in aerial parts #6: Cryptolepine in whole plant #7: Vasicinone in roots #8: Vasicine in roots

Endpoint Studies

#1: Decreased mobility observed in mice

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Cotten, Steven W., Hammett-Stabler, Catherine A. Risk of toxicity associated with unregulated herbal products. herbal supplements, 2011, p. 45–72. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

ephedrine (RF-00003801-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Ephedrine in plant (no details - review)

Composition #2: Cotten, Steven W., Hammett-Stabler, Catherine A. Risk of toxicity associated with unregulated herbal products. herbal supplements, 2011, p. 45–72. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

pseudoephedrine (RF-00004013-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Pseudoephedrine in plant (no details - review)

Composition #3: Latha, A., Radhakrishnan, V.V. Variation in root yield and ephedrine content of Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.) at differential harvesting under open and shaded situation. journal of tropical agriculture, 2015, vol. 53, no. 1, p. 42–47. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ammonia and methanol
Substance:

ephedrine (RF-00003801-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.0002-0.0480
Internal remarks:

Ephedrine in roots

Composition #4: Khatoon, S., Srivastava, M., Rawat, AKS., Mehrotra, S. HPTLC method for chemical standardization of Sida species and estimation of the alkaloid ephedrine . jpc-journal of planar chromatography-modern tlc, 2005, vol. 18, no. 105, p. 364–367. DOI: 10.1556/JPC.18.2005.5.5. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ammonia and methanol
Substance:

ephedrine (RF-00003801-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.007
Internal remarks:

Ephedrine in roots

Composition #5: Khatoon, S., Srivastava, M., Rawat, AKS., Mehrotra, S. HPTLC method for chemical standardization of Sida species and estimation of the alkaloid ephedrine . jpc-journal of planar chromatography-modern tlc, 2005, vol. 18, no. 105, p. 364–367. DOI: 10.1556/JPC.18.2005.5.5. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ammonia and methanol
Substance:

ephedrine (RF-00003801-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.112
Internal remarks:

Ephedrine in aerial parts

Composition #6: Matsui, Taka-Aki., Sowa, Yoshihiro., Murata, Hiroaki., Takagi, Koichi., Nakanishi, Ryoko., Aoki, Shunji., Yoshikawa, Masayuki., Kobayashi, Motomasa., Sakabe, Tomoya., Kubo, Toshikazu., Sakai, Toshiyuki. The plant alkaloid cryptolepine induces p21(WAF1/C1P1) and cell cycle arrest in a human osteosarcoma cell line . international journal of oncology, 2007, vol. 31, no. 4, p. 915–922. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, then separation of alkaloids by HPLC
Substance:

cryptolepine (RF-00004230-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cryptolepine in whole plant

Composition #7: Dhalwal, Kamlesh., Shinde, Vaibhav M., Mahadik, Kakasaheb R. Optimization and validation of reverse phase HPLC and HPTLC method for simultaneous quantification of vasicine and vasicinone in Sida Species . journal of medicinal plants research, 2010, vol. 4, no. 13, p. 1289–1296. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

vasicinone (RF-00004098-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

and HPTLC densitometry
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.061-0.065
Internal remarks:

Vasicinone in roots

Composition #8: Dhalwal, Kamlesh., Shinde, Vaibhav M., Mahadik, Kakasaheb R. Optimization and validation of reverse phase HPLC and HPTLC method for simultaneous quantification of vasicine and vasicinone in Sida Species . journal of medicinal plants research, 2010, vol. 4, no. 13, p. 1289–1296. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

peganine (RF-00003980-PAR)
Additional substance description:

syn of vasicine
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

and HPTLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.01-0.011
Internal remarks:

Vasicine in roots

Endpoint study #1: Franco, CIF., Morais, LCSL., Quintans-Junior, LJ., Almeida, RN., Antoniolli, AR. CNS pharmacological effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sida cordifolia L. leaves . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2005, vol. 98, no. 3, p. 275–279. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.008. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

"hydroalcoholic extract": EtOH 70%
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Swiss (CHD005ST)
Sex:

Male
Exposure duration:

1.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Unit (G005A)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

1000
Critical effect:

MUSCLO-SKELETAL (TOX13A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

Decrease in ambulation and reduction of rearing
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mobility (CHD011BE)
Internal remarks:

Decreased mobility observed in mice