EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Sedum acre L.

Family:: Crassulaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 257
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

#1: Sedamine in whole plant #2: Nicotine in whole plant #3: salycilic acid #4: Coumarin, esculetin #5: p-coumaric acid #6: p-hydroxybenzoic acid #7: protocatechuic acid #8: Alkaloids (sedacrine, sederine, sedacryptine, sedinine, sedinone, dihydrosedinine, 8-episedinine) in whole plant #9: 3 piperidine alkaloids in whole plants #10: Piperidine alkaloids (sediene and sediendione) in unspecified plant parts #11: N-methyl pelletierine in aerial parts #12: 1-(2-N-methylpiperidyl)-propan-2-ol in aerial parts #13: Pelletierine in aerial parts #14: norsedaminone, norsedamine, sedaminone, and sedamine/allosedamine in aerial parts #15: Sedridine in aerial parts #16: 3-hydroxy allosedamine, 4-hydroxy sedamine in aerial parts #17: sedacrine, sedinine, and sedinone in aerial parts

Endpoint Studies

#1: General fatigue, toxicity caused by whole plant

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Marion, Leo. The alkaloids of Sedum acre L. canadian journal of research, section b: chemical sciences, 1945, vol. 23B, p. 165–6. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

dried, ground whole plant extracted with methanol
Substance:

Piperidine alkaloids (RF-00004320-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Sedamine
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Sedamine in whole plant

Composition #2: Marion, Leo. The alkaloids of Sedum acre L. canadian journal of research, section b: chemical sciences, 1945, vol. 23B, p. 165–6. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

dried, ground whole plant extracted with methanol
Substance:

Nicotine (RF-0809-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Nicotine in whole plant

Composition #3: Wolbis, Maria. Polyphenolic compounds in certain species of Sedum. I. Coumarins and phenolic acids in Sedum acre, Sedum album, and Sedum maximum. acta poloniae pharmaceutica, 1987, vol. 44, no. 6, p. 563–6. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Salicylic acid (RF-00000241-VET)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

salycilic acid

Composition #4: Wolbis, Maria. Polyphenolic compounds in certain species of Sedum. I. Coumarins and phenolic acids in Sedum acre, Sedum album, and Sedum maximum. acta poloniae pharmaceutica, 1987, vol. 44, no. 6, p. 563–6. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Coumarin, esculetin
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coumarin, esculetin

Composition #5: Wolbis, Maria. Polyphenolic compounds in certain species of Sedum. I. Coumarins and phenolic acids in Sedum acre, Sedum album, and Sedum maximum. acta poloniae pharmaceutica, 1987, vol. 44, no. 6, p. 563–6. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

p-coumaric acid (RF-00010717-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

p-coumaric acid

Composition #6: Wolbis, Maria. Polyphenolic compounds in certain species of Sedum. I. Coumarins and phenolic acids in Sedum acre, Sedum album, and Sedum maximum. acta poloniae pharmaceutica, 1987, vol. 44, no. 6, p. 563–6. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (RF-00008325-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

p-hydroxybenzoic acid

Composition #7: Wolbis, Maria. Polyphenolic compounds in certain species of Sedum. I. Coumarins and phenolic acids in Sedum acre, Sedum album, and Sedum maximum. acta poloniae pharmaceutica, 1987, vol. 44, no. 6, p. 563–6. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (RF-00008853-PAR)
Additional substance description:

protocatechuic acid
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

protocatechuic acid

Composition #8: COLAU, B., HOOTELE, C. SEDUM ALKALOIDS .5. SEDACRINE, THE MAJOR ALKALOID OF SEDUM-ACRE, AND RELATED BASES . canadian journal of chemistry-revue canadienne de chimie, 1983, vol. 61, no. 3, p. 470–472. DOI: 10.1139/v83-083. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqueous hydrochloric acid
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

sedacrine, sederine, sedacryptine, sedinine, sedinone, dihydrosedinine, 8-episedinine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV, IR, MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (sedacrine, sederine, sedacryptine, sedinine, sedinone, dihydrosedinine, 8-episedinine) in whole plant

Composition #9: IBEBEKEBOMANGWA, W., HOOTELE, C. SEDUM ALKALOIDS .10. STRUCTURE AND SYNTHESIS OF NEW 3-HYDROXPIPERIDINE AND 5-HYDROXYPIPERIDINE ALKALOIDS . tetrahedron, 1987, vol. 43, no. 5, p. 935–945. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90031-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

2% aqueous HCl (50 L) for 3 days, then basified with NH4OH and extracted with CHC13
Substance:

Piperidine alkaloids (RF-00004320-PAR)
Additional substance description:

(-)-3-hydroxynorallosedamine, (-)-3-hydroxyallosedamine, (-)-5-hydroxysedamine
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR, IR, MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

3 piperidine alkaloids in whole plants

Composition #10: MAKSIMOVIC, M., SOBER, M., NIKOLIN, B. GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY IN THE ELUCIDATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF PIPERIDINE ALKALOIDS . rapid communications in mass spectrometry, 1990, vol. 4, no. 12, p. 503–504. DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1290041206. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Piperidine alkaloids (RF-00004320-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Sediene and Sediendione
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Piperidine alkaloids (sediene and sediendione) in unspecified plant parts

Composition #11: STEVENS, JF., THART, H., HENDRIKS, H., MALINGRE, TM. ALKALOIDS OF THE SEDUM ACRE-GROUP (CRASSULACEAE). plant systematics and evolution, 1993, vol. 185, no. 3-4, p. 207–217. DOI: 10.1007/BF00937658. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

pseudopelletierine (RF-00004014-PAR)
Additional substance description:

N-methyl pelletierine
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC and GC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.01
Internal remarks:

N-methyl pelletierine in aerial parts

Composition #12: STEVENS, JF., THART, H., HENDRIKS, H., MALINGRE, TM. ALKALOIDS OF THE SEDUM ACRE-GROUP (CRASSULACEAE). plant systematics and evolution, 1993, vol. 185, no. 3-4, p. 207–217. DOI: 10.1007/BF00937658. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Piperidine alkaloids (RF-00004320-PAR)
Additional substance description:

1-(2-N-methylpiperidyl)-propan-2-ol
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC and GC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1-3
Internal remarks:

1-(2-N-methylpiperidyl)-propan-2-ol in aerial parts

Composition #13: STEVENS, JF., THART, H., HENDRIKS, H., MALINGRE, TM. ALKALOIDS OF THE SEDUM ACRE-GROUP (CRASSULACEAE). plant systematics and evolution, 1993, vol. 185, no. 3-4, p. 207–217. DOI: 10.1007/BF00937658. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

pelletierine (RF-00003982-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC and GC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

<=3
Internal remarks:

Pelletierine in aerial parts

Composition #14: STEVENS, JF., THART, H., HENDRIKS, H., MALINGRE, TM. ALKALOIDS OF THE SEDUM ACRE-GROUP (CRASSULACEAE). plant systematics and evolution, 1993, vol. 185, no. 3-4, p. 207–217. DOI: 10.1007/BF00937658. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Piperidine alkaloids (RF-00004320-PAR)
Additional substance description:

norsedaminone, norsedamine, sedaminone and sedamine/allosedamine
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC and GC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

21-66
Internal remarks:

norsedaminone, norsedamine, sedaminone, and sedamine/allosedamine in aerial parts

Composition #15: STEVENS, JF., THART, H., HENDRIKS, H., MALINGRE, TM. ALKALOIDS OF THE SEDUM ACRE-GROUP (CRASSULACEAE). plant systematics and evolution, 1993, vol. 185, no. 3-4, p. 207–217. DOI: 10.1007/BF00937658. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Piperidine alkaloids (RF-00004320-PAR)
Additional substance description:

sedridine
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC and GC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

<=19
Internal remarks:

Sedridine in aerial parts

Composition #16: STEVENS, JF., THART, H., HENDRIKS, H., MALINGRE, TM. ALKALOIDS OF THE SEDUM ACRE-GROUP (CRASSULACEAE). plant systematics and evolution, 1993, vol. 185, no. 3-4, p. 207–217. DOI: 10.1007/BF00937658. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Piperidine alkaloids (RF-00004320-PAR)
Additional substance description:

3-hydroxy allosedamine + 4-hydroxy sedamine
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC and GC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9-20
Internal remarks:

3-hydroxy allosedamine, 4-hydroxy sedamine in aerial parts

Composition #17: STEVENS, JF., THART, H., HENDRIKS, H., MALINGRE, TM. ALKALOIDS OF THE SEDUM ACRE-GROUP (CRASSULACEAE). plant systematics and evolution, 1993, vol. 185, no. 3-4, p. 207–217. DOI: 10.1007/BF00937658. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Piperidine alkaloids (RF-00004320-PAR)
Additional substance description:

sedacrine, sedinine, and sedinone
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC and GC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

23-62
Internal remarks:

sedacrine, sedinine, and sedinone in aerial parts

Endpoint study #1: Al-Qura'n, S. Ethnobotanical survey of folk toxic plants in southern part of Jordan. toxicon, 2005, vol. 46, no. 2, p. 119–129. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.04.010. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Sex:

No data
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

General fatigue (review paper, no details given).
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

General fatigue, toxicity caused by whole plant