EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Satureja montana L.

Family:: Lamiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 426
Number of processed references:: 8

Compositions

#1: #2: Camphre (camphor) in essential oil of flowering tops #3: 1,8-cineole in essential oil of flowering tops #4: Thymoquinone in aerial parts #5: Eugenol in aerial parts #6: Methyl salycilate in aerial parts #7: thymoquinone in aerial parts #8: Indole in aerial parts #9: Eugenol in aerial parts #10: Isomenthone in essential/volatile oil of leaves and flowers #11: Gentisic acid (a salicylate) in leaves and flowers #12: Gallic acid in leaves and flowers #13: Coumaric acid in leaves and flowers #14: Pulegone in essential/volatile oil of leaves and flowers #15: Dithymoquinone (a benzoquinone) in aerial parts #16: Thymoquinone in aerial parts #17: Myrcene in essential oil of plant #18: Tannins in air-dried leaves

Endpoint Studies

#1: Behavioral toxic effects in rats

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Roslon, W., Weglarz, Z. Chemical variability of savory (Satureja) genus in respect of essential oil composition and tannin content. herba polonica, 2002, vol. 48, no. 4, p. 178–182. .

Language:

English (en)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.31

Composition #2: Mezzoug, Nadya., Idaomar, Mohamed., Baudoux, Dominique., Debauche, Pascal., Liemans, Veronique., Zhiri, Abdesselam. Genotoxicity of some essential oils frequently used in aromatherapy. advances in bioscience and biotechnology, 2016, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 63–73. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flowering top (as part-nature) (A166H)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Steam distillation
Substance:

(-)-camphor (RF-00003469-PAR)
Additional substance description:

"camphre"
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.28
Internal remarks:

Camphre (camphor) in essential oil of flowering tops

Composition #3: Mezzoug, Nadya., Idaomar, Mohamed., Baudoux, Dominique., Debauche, Pascal., Liemans, Veronique., Zhiri, Abdesselam. Genotoxicity of some essential oils frequently used in aromatherapy. advances in bioscience and biotechnology, 2016, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 63–73. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flowering top (as part-nature) (A166H)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Steam distillation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.32
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole in essential oil of flowering tops

Composition #4: Dunkic, Valerija., Radovanovic, Ivana., Bezic, Nada., Vuko, Elma. Glycosidically bound volatile compounds of Satureja montana L., S. cuneifolia Ten., S. subspicata Vis. and endemic S. visianii Sili´c. advances in biological chemistry, 2015, vol. 5, no. 7, p. 235–238. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethyl acetate
Substance:

thymoquinone (RF-00004084-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Percentages are the "percent of the total aglycone fraction" of extracted plant material
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

16.8-56.9
Internal remarks:

Thymoquinone in aerial parts

Composition #5: Dunkic, Valerija., Radovanovic, Ivana., Bezic, Nada., Vuko, Elma. Glycosidically bound volatile compounds of Satureja montana L., S. cuneifolia Ten., S. subspicata Vis. and endemic S. visianii Sili´c. advances in biological chemistry, 2015, vol. 5, no. 7, p. 235–238. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethyl acetate
Substance:

Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Percentages are the "percent of the total aglycone fraction" of extracted plant material
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.7-17.8
Internal remarks:

Eugenol in aerial parts

Composition #6: Mastelic, J., Jerkovic, I. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of free and glycoconjugated aroma compounds of seasonally collected Satureja montana L. . food chemistry, 2003, vol. 80, no. 1, p. 135–140. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00346-1. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqueous
Substance:

methyl salicylate (RF-00003930-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.67-0.82
Internal remarks:

Methyl salycilate in aerial parts

Composition #7: Mastelic, J., Jerkovic, I. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of free and glycoconjugated aroma compounds of seasonally collected Satureja montana L. . food chemistry, 2003, vol. 80, no. 1, p. 135–140. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00346-1. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqueous
Substance:

thymoquinone (RF-00004084-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

27.55-32.93
Internal remarks:

thymoquinone in aerial parts

Composition #8: Mastelic, J., Jerkovic, I. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of free and glycoconjugated aroma compounds of seasonally collected Satureja montana L. . food chemistry, 2003, vol. 80, no. 1, p. 135–140. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00346-1. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqueous
Substance:

Indole (RF-00008427-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.25-3.33
Internal remarks:

Indole in aerial parts

Composition #9: Mastelic, J., Jerkovic, I. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of free and glycoconjugated aroma compounds of seasonally collected Satureja montana L. . food chemistry, 2003, vol. 80, no. 1, p. 135–140. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00346-1. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

8.35-19.44
Internal remarks:

Eugenol in aerial parts

Composition #10: Palavra, A. M. F., Coelho, J. P., Barroso, J. G., Rauter, A. P., Fareleira, J. M. N. A., Mainar, A., Urieta, J. S., Nobre, B. P., Gouveia, L., Mendes, R. L., Cabral, J. M. S., Novais, J. M. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of bioactive compounds from microalgae and volatile oils from aromatic plants . journal of supercritical fluids, 2011, vol. 60, p. 21–27. DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.04.017. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Supercritical CO2 fluid extraction and/or Hydrodistillation
Substance:

d,l-Isomenthone (RF-00010214-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: GC-MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Isomenthone in essential/volatile oil of leaves and flowers

Composition #11: Palavra, A. M. F., Coelho, J. P., Barroso, J. G., Rauter, A. P., Fareleira, J. M. N. A., Mainar, A., Urieta, J. S., Nobre, B. P., Gouveia, L., Mendes, R. L., Cabral, J. M. S., Novais, J. M. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of bioactive compounds from microalgae and volatile oils from aromatic plants . journal of supercritical fluids, 2011, vol. 60, p. 21–27. DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.04.017. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Non-volatile fraction extracted from plant matter after volatiles. Acetone.
Substance:

Salicylates (RF-00004331-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Gentisic Acid (2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.03-0.37
Internal remarks:

Gentisic acid (a salicylate) in leaves and flowers

Composition #12: Palavra, A. M. F., Coelho, J. P., Barroso, J. G., Rauter, A. P., Fareleira, J. M. N. A., Mainar, A., Urieta, J. S., Nobre, B. P., Gouveia, L., Mendes, R. L., Cabral, J. M. S., Novais, J. M. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of bioactive compounds from microalgae and volatile oils from aromatic plants . journal of supercritical fluids, 2011, vol. 60, p. 21–27. DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.04.017. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Stems excluded, leaves and flowers only. Non-volatile fraction extracted from plant matter after volatiles. Acetone.
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.14-1.93
Internal remarks:

Gallic acid in leaves and flowers

Composition #13: Palavra, A. M. F., Coelho, J. P., Barroso, J. G., Rauter, A. P., Fareleira, J. M. N. A., Mainar, A., Urieta, J. S., Nobre, B. P., Gouveia, L., Mendes, R. L., Cabral, J. M. S., Novais, J. M. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of bioactive compounds from microalgae and volatile oils from aromatic plants . journal of supercritical fluids, 2011, vol. 60, p. 21–27. DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.04.017. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Acetone
Substance:

p-coumaric acid (RF-00010717-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.22-0.52
Internal remarks:

Coumaric acid in leaves and flowers

Composition #14: Palavra, A. M. F., Coelho, J. P., Barroso, J. G., Rauter, A. P., Fareleira, J. M. N. A., Mainar, A., Urieta, J. S., Nobre, B. P., Gouveia, L., Mendes, R. L., Cabral, J. M. S., Novais, J. M. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of bioactive compounds from microalgae and volatile oils from aromatic plants . journal of supercritical fluids, 2011, vol. 60, p. 21–27. DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.04.017. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Supercritical CO2 fluid extraction and/or Hydrodistillation
Substance:

(+)-pulegone (RF-00003398-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: GC-MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Pulegone in essential/volatile oil of leaves and flowers

Composition #15: Taborsky, Jan., Kunt, Miroslav., Kloucek, Pavel., Lachman, Jaromir., Zeleny, Vaclav., Kokoska, Ladislav. Identification of potential sources of thymoquinone and related compounds in Asteraceae, Cupressaceae, Lamiaceae, and Ranunculaceae families . central european journal of chemistry, 2012, vol. 10, no. 6, p. 1899–1906. DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0114-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hexane and methanol
Substance:

benzoquinones (RF-00010840-PAR)
Additional substance description:

dithymoquinone
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: NMR, GC-MS
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

62
Internal remarks:

Dithymoquinone (a benzoquinone) in aerial parts

Composition #16: Taborsky, Jan., Kunt, Miroslav., Kloucek, Pavel., Lachman, Jaromir., Zeleny, Vaclav., Kokoska, Ladislav. Identification of potential sources of thymoquinone and related compounds in Asteraceae, Cupressaceae, Lamiaceae, and Ranunculaceae families . central european journal of chemistry, 2012, vol. 10, no. 6, p. 1899–1906. DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0114-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hexane and methanol
Substance:

thymoquinone (RF-00004084-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: NMR, GC-MS
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1052
Internal remarks:

Thymoquinone in aerial parts

Composition #17: ZANI, F., MASSIMO, G., BENVENUTI, S., BIANCHI, A., ALBASINI, A., MELEGARI, M., VAMPA, G., BELLOTTI, A., MAZZA, P. STUDIES ON THE GENOTOXIC PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS WITH BACILLUS-SUBTILIS REC-ASSAY AND SALMONELLA MICROSOME REVERSION ASSAY . planta medica, 1991, vol. 57, no. 3, p. 237–241. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-960081. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.13
Internal remarks:

Myrcene in essential oil of plant

Composition #18: STANIC, G., SAMARZIJA, I. DIURETIC ACTIVITY OF SATUREJA-MONTANA SUBSP MONTANA EXTRACTS AND OIL IN RATS . phytotherapy research, 1993, vol. 7, no. 5, p. 363–366. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2650070508. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

Air-dried leaves
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

14
Internal remarks:

Tannins in air-dried leaves

Endpoint study #1: STANIC, G., SAMARZIJA, I. DIURETIC ACTIVITY OF SATUREJA-MONTANA SUBSP MONTANA EXTRACTS AND OIL IN RATS . phytotherapy research, 1993, vol. 7, no. 5, p. 363–366. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2650070508. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional plant/substance description:

hydrodistillation
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

0.5-1.0
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

Behavioural changes observed: dazed with bent bodies, stiff tails and spread back legs. When orally dosed with 5 mL/100 g body weight of 0.5% and 1% essential oil solution.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

behaviour (CHD001BE)
Internal remarks:

Behavioral toxic effects in rats