EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Sassafras (as plant) // Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees // Sassafras officinale Nees & C. H. Eberm.

Family:: Lauraceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 427
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: safrole - root bark and wood #2: carvone - root bark and wood #3: camphor - root bark and wood #4: 1,8-cineole - root bark and wood #5: Camphor in bark essential oil #6: 1,8-Cineole in bark essential oil #7: Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (norcinnamolaurine, cinnamolaurine) - root bark #8: boldine, norboldine - root bark #9: reticuline - root bark #10: isoboldine - root bark #11: methyleugenol - bark root #12: safrole - bark root #13: camphor - bark root #14: Safrole in root bark tea

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Zwaving, J.H., Bos, R. Composition of the Essential Oil from the Root of Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees. journal of essential oil research, 1996, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 193–195. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1996.9700592. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

Safrole (RF-00003651-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10.17-88.8
Internal remarks:

safrole - root bark and wood

Composition #2: Zwaving, J.H., Bos, R. Composition of the Essential Oil from the Root of Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees. journal of essential oil research, 1996, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 193–195. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1996.9700592. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

Carvone (RF-0538-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.42
Internal remarks:

carvone - root bark and wood

Composition #3: Zwaving, J.H., Bos, R. Composition of the Essential Oil from the Root of Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees. journal of essential oil research, 1996, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 193–195. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1996.9700592. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.18-18.4
Internal remarks:

camphor - root bark and wood

Composition #4: Zwaving, J.H., Bos, R. Composition of the Essential Oil from the Root of Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees. journal of essential oil research, 1996, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 193–195. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1996.9700592. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.14-2.38
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole - root bark and wood

Composition #5: Kennedy, J. Erin., Dave, Purva C., Harbin, Lindsay N., Setzer, William N. Allelopathic potential of Sassafras albidum and Pinus taeda essential oils . allelopathy journal, 2011, vol. 27, no. 1, p. 111–122. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

(-)-camphor (RF-00003469-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2-5
Internal remarks:

Camphor in bark essential oil

Composition #6: Kennedy, J. Erin., Dave, Purva C., Harbin, Lindsay N., Setzer, William N. Allelopathic potential of Sassafras albidum and Pinus taeda essential oils . allelopathy journal, 2011, vol. 27, no. 1, p. 111–122. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

7-10
Internal remarks:

1,8-Cineole in bark essential oil

Composition #7: CHOWDHURY, BK., SETHI, ML., LLOYD, HA., KAPADIA, GJ. POTENTIAL CARCINOGENS .6. APORPHINE AND TETRAHYDROBENZYLISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS IN SASSAFRAS-ALBIDUM . phytochemistry, 1976, vol. 15, no. 11, p. 1803–1804. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97502-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Petroether/CH2Cl2
Substance:

Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids (RF-00010792-PAR)
Additional substance description:

norcinnamolaurine, cinnamolaurine
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (norcinnamolaurine, cinnamolaurine) - root bark

Composition #8: CHOWDHURY, BK., SETHI, ML., LLOYD, HA., KAPADIA, GJ. POTENTIAL CARCINOGENS .6. APORPHINE AND TETRAHYDROBENZYLISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS IN SASSAFRAS-ALBIDUM . phytochemistry, 1976, vol. 15, no. 11, p. 1803–1804. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97502-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Petroether/CH2Cl2
Substance:

boldine (RF-00004184-PAR)
Additional substance description:

boldine, norboldine
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

boldine, norboldine - root bark

Composition #9: CHOWDHURY, BK., SETHI, ML., LLOYD, HA., KAPADIA, GJ. POTENTIAL CARCINOGENS .6. APORPHINE AND TETRAHYDROBENZYLISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS IN SASSAFRAS-ALBIDUM . phytochemistry, 1976, vol. 15, no. 11, p. 1803–1804. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97502-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Petroether/CH2Cl2
Substance:

reticuline (RF-00004026-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

reticuline - root bark

Composition #10: CHOWDHURY, BK., SETHI, ML., LLOYD, HA., KAPADIA, GJ. POTENTIAL CARCINOGENS .6. APORPHINE AND TETRAHYDROBENZYLISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS IN SASSAFRAS-ALBIDUM . phytochemistry, 1976, vol. 15, no. 11, p. 1803–1804. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97502-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Petroether/CH2Cl2
Substance:

isoboldine (RF-00003879-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

isoboldine - root bark

Composition #11: Kamdem, DP., Gage, DA. Chemical composition of essential oil from the root bark of Sassafras albidum . planta medica, 1995, vol. 61, no. 6, p. 574–575. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-959379. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hexane/chloroform
Substance:

methyleugenol (RF-00003931-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.1
Internal remarks:

methyleugenol - bark root

Composition #12: Kamdem, DP., Gage, DA. Chemical composition of essential oil from the root bark of Sassafras albidum . planta medica, 1995, vol. 61, no. 6, p. 574–575. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-959379. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hexane/chloroform
Substance:

Safrole (RF-00003651-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

84.96
Internal remarks:

safrole - bark root

Composition #13: Kamdem, DP., Gage, DA. Chemical composition of essential oil from the root bark of Sassafras albidum . planta medica, 1995, vol. 61, no. 6, p. 574–575. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-959379. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hexane/chloroform
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.25
Internal remarks:

camphor - bark root

Composition #14: Carlson, M., Thompson, RD. Liquid chromatographic determination of safrole in sassafras-derived herbal products . journal of aoac international, 1997, vol. 80, no. 5, p. 1023–1028. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

Safrole (RF-00003651-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.13-16
Internal remarks:

Safrole in root bark tea