EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Saponaria officinalis L.

Family:: Caryophyllaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 837
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: Calcium oxalate in leaves and stems #2: nonanal in flower headspace #3: octanal in flower headspace #4: benzaldehyde in flower headspace #5: toluene (methylbenzene) in flower headspace #6: saponins in roots #7: Quillaic acid saponins in roots #8: Gypsogenin saponins in roots

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

#1: Saporin could damage chromosome but did not cause DNA damage

Composition #1: Tutuncu Konyar, Sevil., Ozturk, Necla., Dane, Feruzan. Occurrence, types and distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in leaves and stems of some species of poisonous plants. botanical studies, 2014, vol. 55, no. 1, p. 1–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Additional extraction description:

microscopy techniques
Substance:

Calcium oxalate (RF-00003960-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Microscopic detection (F536A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Calcium oxalate in leaves and stems

Composition #2: Jurgens, A., Witt, T., Gottsberger, G. Flower scent composition in Dianthus and Saponaria species (Caryophyllaceae) and its relevance for pollination biology and taxonomy . biochemical systematics and ecology, 2003, vol. 31, no. 4, p. 345–357. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00173-4. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Additional extraction description:

Dynamic headspace
Substance:

Nonanal (RF-00008505-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

nonanal in flower headspace

Composition #3: Jurgens, A., Witt, T., Gottsberger, G. Flower scent composition in Dianthus and Saponaria species (Caryophyllaceae) and its relevance for pollination biology and taxonomy . biochemical systematics and ecology, 2003, vol. 31, no. 4, p. 345–357. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00173-4. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Additional extraction description:

Dynamic headspace
Substance:

octanal (RF-00003961-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

octanal in flower headspace

Composition #4: Jurgens, A., Witt, T., Gottsberger, G. Flower scent composition in Dianthus and Saponaria species (Caryophyllaceae) and its relevance for pollination biology and taxonomy . biochemical systematics and ecology, 2003, vol. 31, no. 4, p. 345–357. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00173-4. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Additional extraction description:

Dynamic headspace
Substance:

Benzaldehyde (RF-00008323-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

benzaldehyde in flower headspace

Composition #5: Jurgens, A., Witt, T., Gottsberger, G. Flower scent composition in Dianthus and Saponaria species (Caryophyllaceae) and its relevance for pollination biology and taxonomy . biochemical systematics and ecology, 2003, vol. 31, no. 4, p. 345–357. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00173-4. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Additional extraction description:

Dynamic headspace
Substance:

Toluene (RF-00004852-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

toluene (methylbenzene) in flower headspace

Composition #6: Thakur, Mayank., Mergel, Katharina., Weng, Alexander., von Mallinckrodt, Benedicta., Gilabert-Oriol, Roger., Duerkop, Horst., Melzig, Matthias F., Fuchs, Hendrik. Targeted tumor therapy by epidermal growth factor appended toxin and purified saponin: An evaluation of toxicity and therapeutic potential in syngeneic tumor bearing mice . molecular oncology, 2013, vol. 7, no. 3, p. 475–483. DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2012.12.004. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

saponins in roots

Composition #7: Lu, Yuping., Van, Dang., Deibert, Leah., Bishop, Greg., Balsevich, John. Antiproliferative quillaic acid and gypsogenin saponins from Saponaria officinalis L. roots . phytochemistry, 2015, vol. 113, p. 108–120. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.11.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH - H2O
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Quillaic acid saponins
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR spectroscopy and MS analyses
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Quillaic acid saponins in roots

Composition #8: Lu, Yuping., Van, Dang., Deibert, Leah., Bishop, Greg., Balsevich, John. Antiproliferative quillaic acid and gypsogenin saponins from Saponaria officinalis L. roots . phytochemistry, 2015, vol. 113, p. 108–120. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.11.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH - H2O
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

gypsogenin saponins
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR spectroscopy and MS analyses
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Gypsogenin saponins in roots

Genotox #1: Poma, A., Zarivi, O., Bianchini, S., Spano, L. The plant ribosome inactivating protein saporin induces micronucleus formation in peripheral human lymphocytes in vitro . toxicology letters, 1999, vol. 105, no. 1, p. 67–73. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4274(98)00384-1. [DOI link]

Study category:

Mutagenicity
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test (CHD033TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

no data
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Exposure duration for in vivo:

24.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

DNA damage and/or repair
Is genotoxic:

Ambiguous
Remarks on genotox study:

Saporin could damage chromosomes or:and impair spindle apparatus but did not cause DNA damage and :or alter DNA repair mechanisms which lead to SCEs formation.
Internal remarks:

Saporin could damage chromosome but did not cause DNA damage
Internal ID:

WOS:000079189800009