EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Ruscus aculeatus L.

Family:: Asparagaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 695
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: neoruscogenin in unspecified plant part #2: ruscogenin in unspecified plant part #3: #4: #5: Ruscussaponins in roots #6: ruscogenin - root #7: ruscogenin - aerial parts #8: saponins - spirostanol derivates in rhizoms #9: Esculin in rhizomes #10: saponins in rhizomes

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Burn, D., Ellis, B., Petrow, V. Structure of ruscogenin. journal of the chemical society, 1958, p. 795–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

neoruscogenin (RF-00003945-PAR)
Additional substance description:

ruscogenin, to which they assigned the constitution of a 19-hydroxydiosgenin,
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

neoruscogenin in unspecified plant part

Composition #2: Burn, D., Ellis, B., Petrow, V. Structure of ruscogenin. journal of the chemical society, 1958, p. 795–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

ruscogenin (RF-00004033-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

ruscogenin in unspecified plant part

Composition #3: Robert, Jean., Vaupre, Roger., Poiget, Gilbert. The constitution of neoruscogenin. compt. rend., 1960, vol. 250, p. 3187–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Substance:

neoruscogenin (RF-00003945-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)

Composition #4: Robert, Jean., Vaupre, Roger., Poiget, Gilbert. The constitution of neoruscogenin. compt. rend., 1960, vol. 250, p. 3187–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Substance:

ruscogenin (RF-00004033-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)

Composition #5: Walthelm, U., Dittrich, K., Gelbrich, G., Schopke, T. Effects of saponins on the water solubility of different model compounds. planta medica, 2001, vol. 67, no. 1, p. 49–54. DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-10876. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

50% Methanol
Substance:

steroidal saponins (RF-00010818-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Ruscussaponins
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Ruscussaponins in roots

Composition #6: Guevenc, A., Satir, E., Coskun, M. Determination of ruscogenin in Turkish Ruscus l. species by UPLC. chromatographia, 2007, vol. 66, p. S141–S145. DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0351-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH/water
Substance:

ruscogenin (RF-00004033-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UPLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.90
Internal remarks:

ruscogenin - root

Composition #7: Guevenc, A., Satir, E., Coskun, M. Determination of ruscogenin in Turkish Ruscus l. species by UPLC. chromatographia, 2007, vol. 66, p. S141–S145. DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0351-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH/water
Substance:

ruscogenin (RF-00004033-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UPLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.7
Internal remarks:

ruscogenin - aerial parts

Composition #8: Barbic, M., Willer, E. A., Rothenhoefer, M., Heilmann, J., Fuerst, R., Juergenliemk, G. Spirostanol saponins and esculin from Rusci rhizoma reduce the thrombin-induced hyperpermeability of endothelial cells . phytochemistry, 2013, vol. 90, p. 106–113. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.02.004. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

The spirostanol derivatives: deglucoruscin 22-Omethyl- deglucoruscoside, deglucoruscoside, ruscin, ruscogenin-1-O-(a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1,2)-b-D-galactopyranoside, 1-O-sulpho-ruscogenin
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

saponins - spirostanol derivates in rhizoms

Composition #9: Barbic, M., Willer, E. A., Rothenhoefer, M., Heilmann, J., Fuerst, R., Juergenliemk, G. Spirostanol saponins and esculin from Rusci rhizoma reduce the thrombin-induced hyperpermeability of endothelial cells . phytochemistry, 2013, vol. 90, p. 106–113. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.02.004. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

esculin
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Esculin in rhizomes

Composition #10: Barbic, M., Willer, E. A., Rothenhoefer, M., Heilmann, J., Fuerst, R., Juergenliemk, G. Spirostanol saponins and esculin from Rusci rhizoma reduce the thrombin-induced hyperpermeability of endothelial cells . phytochemistry, 2013, vol. 90, p. 106–113. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.02.004. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

3´-O-acetyl-4´-O-sulphodeglucoruscin, 4´-O-(2-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoyl)-deglucoruscin, 4´-O-acetyldeglucoruscin
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

saponins in rhizomes