EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Rumex crispus L.

Family:: Polygonaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1150
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

#1: oxalic acid in leaves #2: quinoline alkaloids #3: isoquinoline alkaloids #4: Gallic acid in unspecified plant part #5: rumexone - root #6: 1,5-DIHYDROXYANTHRAQUINONEs - root #7: 1,3,5-trihydroxy- 6-hydroxymethyl-anthraquinone in root #8: 1,5-dihydroxy-3- methoxy-7-methylanthraquinone in root #9: 1,5-Dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone in root #10: Physcion in roots, leaves but not in fruits #11: chrysophanol in roots and leaves #12: rhein in fruits, leaves but not in roots #13: emodin in roots, fruits, leaves #14: aloe-emodin in roots, fruits, leaves #15: sennoside A in roots, fruits, leaves #16: sennoside B in fruits, leaves but not in roots #17: Aloin in roots, leaves but not in fruits #18: anthracene derivatives in roots #19: anthracene derivatives in fruits #20: anthracene derivatives in leaves #21: Anthraquinone glycosides - fruit #22: Anthraquinone glycosides - leaves #23: Anthraquinone glycosides - stem #24: Anthraquinone glycosides - root

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Guil, J. L., Rodriguez-Garcia, I., Torija, E. Nutritional and toxic factors in selected wild edible plants. plant foods for human nutrition (dordrecht, netherlands), 1997, vol. 51, no. 2, p. 99–107. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

oxalic acid (RF-00000356-NTR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Result unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

620
Internal remarks:

oxalic acid in leaves

Composition #2: Nardin, Tiziana., Piasentier, Edi., Barnaba, Chiara., Larcher, Roberto. Alkaloid profiling of herbal drugs using high resolution mass spectrometry. drug testing and analysis, 2017, p. Ahead of Print. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water/methanol/formic acid 49.5/49.5/1
Substance:

Quinoline alkaloids (RF-00004326-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography (F063A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

quinoline alkaloids

Composition #3: Nardin, Tiziana., Piasentier, Edi., Barnaba, Chiara., Larcher, Roberto. Alkaloid profiling of herbal drugs using high resolution mass spectrometry. drug testing and analysis, 2017, p. Ahead of Print. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water/methanol/formic acid 49.5/49.5/1
Substance:

Isoquinoline alkaloids (RF-00004391-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography (F063A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

isoquinoline alkaloids

Composition #4: Fan, Ji-ping., Zhang, Zhen-liang. Studies on the chemical constituents of Rumex crispus .. zhong yao cai = zhongyaocai = journal of chinese medicinal materials, 2009, vol. 32, no. 12, p. 1836–40. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Gallic acid in unspecified plant part

Composition #5: Gunaydin, K., Topcu, G., Ion, RM. 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinones and an anthrone from roots of Rumex crispus. natural product letters, 2002, vol. 16, no. 1, p. 65–70. DOI: 10.1080/1057563029001/4872. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

diethylether
Substance:

anthrones (RF-00010811-PAR)
Additional substance description:

rumexone
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

rumexone - root

Composition #6: Gunaydin, K., Topcu, G., Ion, RM. 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinones and an anthrone from roots of Rumex crispus. natural product letters, 2002, vol. 16, no. 1, p. 65–70. DOI: 10.1080/1057563029001/4872. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

diethylether
Substance:

Anthraquinone (RF-0475-001-PPP)
Additional substance description:

1,5-DIHYDROXYANTHRAQUINONES - przewalsquinone B (1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-7-methylanthraquinone), ziganein (1,5-dihydroxy-3- methylanthraquinone), 1,3,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethylanthraquinone
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

1,5-DIHYDROXYANTHRAQUINONEs - root

Composition #7: Baskan, Selda., Daut-Ozdemir, Ayde., Gunaydin, Keriman., Erim, F. Bedia. Analysis of anthraquinones in Rumex crispus by micellar electrokinetic chromatography . talanta, 2007, vol. 71, no. 2, p. 747–750. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.05.018. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Chloroform–ether
Substance:

anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
Additional substance description:

1,3,5-trihydroxy- 6-hydroxymethyl-anthraquinone
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.14
Internal remarks:

1,3,5-trihydroxy- 6-hydroxymethyl-anthraquinone in root

Composition #8: Baskan, Selda., Daut-Ozdemir, Ayde., Gunaydin, Keriman., Erim, F. Bedia. Analysis of anthraquinones in Rumex crispus by micellar electrokinetic chromatography . talanta, 2007, vol. 71, no. 2, p. 747–750. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.05.018. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Chloroform–ether
Substance:

anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
Additional substance description:

1,5-dihydroxy-3- methoxy-7-methylanthraquinone
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

18.4
Internal remarks:

1,5-dihydroxy-3- methoxy-7-methylanthraquinone in root

Composition #9: Baskan, Selda., Daut-Ozdemir, Ayde., Gunaydin, Keriman., Erim, F. Bedia. Analysis of anthraquinones in Rumex crispus by micellar electrokinetic chromatography . talanta, 2007, vol. 71, no. 2, p. 747–750. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.05.018. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Chloroform–ether
Substance:

anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
Additional substance description:

1,5-Dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

78.46
Internal remarks:

1,5-Dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone in root

Composition #10: Wegiera, Magdalena., Smolarz, Helena D., Wianowska, Dorota., Dawidowicz, Andrzej L. Anthracene derivatives in some species of Rumex L. genus. acta societatis botanicorum poloniae, 2007, vol. 76, no. 2, p. 103–108. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

physcion (RF-00003993-PAR)
Additional substance description:

roots, leaves but not in fruits
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Physcion in roots, leaves but not in fruits

Composition #11: Wegiera, Magdalena., Smolarz, Helena D., Wianowska, Dorota., Dawidowicz, Andrzej L. Anthracene derivatives in some species of Rumex L. genus. acta societatis botanicorum poloniae, 2007, vol. 76, no. 2, p. 103–108. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

chrysophanol (RF-00003737-PAR)
Additional substance description:

chrysophanol in roots and leaves but not in flowers
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

chrysophanol in roots and leaves

Composition #12: Wegiera, Magdalena., Smolarz, Helena D., Wianowska, Dorota., Dawidowicz, Andrzej L. Anthracene derivatives in some species of Rumex L. genus. acta societatis botanicorum poloniae, 2007, vol. 76, no. 2, p. 103–108. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

rhein (RF-00004027-PAR)
Additional substance description:

fruits, leaves but not in roots
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

rhein in fruits, leaves but not in roots

Composition #13: Wegiera, Magdalena., Smolarz, Helena D., Wianowska, Dorota., Dawidowicz, Andrzej L. Anthracene derivatives in some species of Rumex L. genus. acta societatis botanicorum poloniae, 2007, vol. 76, no. 2, p. 103–108. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Emodin (RF-00003798-PAR)
Additional substance description:

roots, fruits, leaves
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

emodin in roots, fruits, leaves

Composition #14: Wegiera, Magdalena., Smolarz, Helena D., Wianowska, Dorota., Dawidowicz, Andrzej L. Anthracene derivatives in some species of Rumex L. genus. acta societatis botanicorum poloniae, 2007, vol. 76, no. 2, p. 103–108. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Aloe-emodin (RF-00003670-PAR)
Additional substance description:

roots, fruits, leaves
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

aloe-emodin in roots, fruits, leaves

Composition #15: Wegiera, Magdalena., Smolarz, Helena D., Wianowska, Dorota., Dawidowicz, Andrzej L. Anthracene derivatives in some species of Rumex L. genus. acta societatis botanicorum poloniae, 2007, vol. 76, no. 2, p. 103–108. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

sennoside A (RF-00004051-PAR)
Additional substance description:

roots, fruits, leaves
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

sennoside A in roots, fruits, leaves

Composition #16: Wegiera, Magdalena., Smolarz, Helena D., Wianowska, Dorota., Dawidowicz, Andrzej L. Anthracene derivatives in some species of Rumex L. genus. acta societatis botanicorum poloniae, 2007, vol. 76, no. 2, p. 103–108. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

sennoside B (RF-00004052-PAR)
Additional substance description:

fruits, leaves but not in roots
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

sennoside B in fruits, leaves but not in roots

Composition #17: Wegiera, Magdalena., Smolarz, Helena D., Wianowska, Dorota., Dawidowicz, Andrzej L. Anthracene derivatives in some species of Rumex L. genus. acta societatis botanicorum poloniae, 2007, vol. 76, no. 2, p. 103–108. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

aloin A (RF-00003672-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Aloin in roots, leaves but not in fruit
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Aloin in roots, leaves but not in fruits

Composition #18: Wegiera, Magdalena., Smolarz, Helena D., Wianowska, Dorota., Dawidowicz, Andrzej L. Anthracene derivatives in some species of Rumex L. genus. acta societatis botanicorum poloniae, 2007, vol. 76, no. 2, p. 103–108. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

anthracene derivatives (RF-00004342-PAR)
Additional substance description:

aloe-emodin, aloin, chrysophanol, emodin, physcion, rhein,sennoside A, sennoside B
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

25.22
Internal remarks:

anthracene derivatives in roots

Composition #19: Wegiera, Magdalena., Smolarz, Helena D., Wianowska, Dorota., Dawidowicz, Andrzej L. Anthracene derivatives in some species of Rumex L. genus. acta societatis botanicorum poloniae, 2007, vol. 76, no. 2, p. 103–108. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

anthracene derivatives (RF-00004342-PAR)
Additional substance description:

aloe-emodin, aloin, chrysophanol, emodin, physcion, rhein,sennoside A, sennoside B
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.39
Internal remarks:

anthracene derivatives in fruits

Composition #20: Wegiera, Magdalena., Smolarz, Helena D., Wianowska, Dorota., Dawidowicz, Andrzej L. Anthracene derivatives in some species of Rumex L. genus. acta societatis botanicorum poloniae, 2007, vol. 76, no. 2, p. 103–108. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

anthracene derivatives (RF-00004342-PAR)
Additional substance description:

aloe-emodin, aloin, chrysophanol, emodin, physcion, rhein,sennoside A, sennoside B
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.40
Internal remarks:

anthracene derivatives in leaves

Composition #21: DEMIREZER, LO. CONCENTRATIONS OF ANTHRAQUINONE GLYCOSIDES OF RUMEX CRISPUS DURING DIFFERENT VEGETATION STAGES . zeitschrift fur naturforschung section c-a journal of biosciences, 1994, vol. 49, no. 7-8, p. 404–406. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Anthraquinone (RF-0475-001-PPP)
Additional substance description:

Anthraquinone glycosides
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.08-0.34
Internal remarks:

Anthraquinone glycosides - fruit

Composition #22: DEMIREZER, LO. CONCENTRATIONS OF ANTHRAQUINONE GLYCOSIDES OF RUMEX CRISPUS DURING DIFFERENT VEGETATION STAGES . zeitschrift fur naturforschung section c-a journal of biosciences, 1994, vol. 49, no. 7-8, p. 404–406. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Anthraquinone (RF-0475-001-PPP)
Additional substance description:

Anthraquinone glycosides
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.05-0.4
Internal remarks:

Anthraquinone glycosides - leaves

Composition #23: DEMIREZER, LO. CONCENTRATIONS OF ANTHRAQUINONE GLYCOSIDES OF RUMEX CRISPUS DURING DIFFERENT VEGETATION STAGES . zeitschrift fur naturforschung section c-a journal of biosciences, 1994, vol. 49, no. 7-8, p. 404–406. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Anthraquinone (RF-0475-001-PPP)
Additional substance description:

Anthraquinone glycosides
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.03-0.46
Internal remarks:

Anthraquinone glycosides - stem

Composition #24: DEMIREZER, LO. CONCENTRATIONS OF ANTHRAQUINONE GLYCOSIDES OF RUMEX CRISPUS DURING DIFFERENT VEGETATION STAGES . zeitschrift fur naturforschung section c-a journal of biosciences, 1994, vol. 49, no. 7-8, p. 404–406. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Anthraquinone (RF-0475-001-PPP)
Additional substance description:

Anthraquinone glycosides
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.33-0.91
Internal remarks:

Anthraquinone glycosides - root