EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Cloudberry (as plant) // Rubus chamaemorus L.

Family:: Rosaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 522
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

#1: secoisolariciresinol #2: secoisolaresinol in berries #3: lariciresinol in berries #4: pinoresinol in berries #5: gallic acid in berries #6: p-coumaric acids in berries #7: ellagitannins in berries #8: ellagitannins in berries #9: ellagitannins in berries #10: hydroxycinnamic acids in berries #11: Proanthocyanidins in fruit #12: gallic acids in fruit #13: ellagitannins in fruit

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Mazur, W. M., Uehara, M., Wahala, K., Adlercreutz, H. Phyto-oestrogen content of berries, and plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of enterolactone after a single strawberry-meal in human subjects. british journal of nutrition, 2000, vol. 83, no. 4, p. 381–387. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

diethyl ether
Substance:

secoisolarisiresinol (RF-00000390-NTR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Microgram/kilogram (G050A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2030
Internal remarks:

secoisolariciresinol

Composition #2: Nurmi, Tarja., Mursu, Jaakko., Penalvo, Jose L., Poulsen, Henrik E., Voutilainen, Sari. Dietary intake and urinary excretion of lignans in Finnish men. british journal of nutrition, 2010, vol. 103, no. 5, p. 677–685. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

secoisolarisiresinol (RF-00000390-NTR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/100 gram (G046A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

12
Internal remarks:

secoisolaresinol in berries

Composition #3: Nurmi, Tarja., Mursu, Jaakko., Penalvo, Jose L., Poulsen, Henrik E., Voutilainen, Sari. Dietary intake and urinary excretion of lignans in Finnish men. british journal of nutrition, 2010, vol. 103, no. 5, p. 677–685. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

lariciresinol (RF-00011086-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/100 gram (G046A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

166
Internal remarks:

lariciresinol in berries

Composition #4: Nurmi, Tarja., Mursu, Jaakko., Penalvo, Jose L., Poulsen, Henrik E., Voutilainen, Sari. Dietary intake and urinary excretion of lignans in Finnish men. british journal of nutrition, 2010, vol. 103, no. 5, p. 677–685. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Pinoresinol (RF-00011088-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/100 gram (G046A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

54
Internal remarks:

pinoresinol in berries

Composition #5: Maatta-Riihinen, KR., Kamal-Eldin, A., Torronen, AR. Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in berries of Fragaria and Rubus species (Family rosaceae) . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2004, vol. 52, no. 20, p. 6178–6187. DOI: 10.1021/jf049450r. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethyl acetate, methanol
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Analytical method - additional description:

LC-DAD, LC-MS
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

42
Internal remarks:

gallic acid in berries

Composition #6: Maatta-Riihinen, KR., Kamal-Eldin, A., Torronen, AR. Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in berries of Fragaria and Rubus species (Family rosaceae) . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2004, vol. 52, no. 20, p. 6178–6187. DOI: 10.1021/jf049450r. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethyl acetate, methanol
Substance:

p-coumaric acid (RF-00010717-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Analytical method - additional description:

LC-DAD, LC-MS
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

43
Internal remarks:

p-coumaric acids in berries

Composition #7: Maatta-Riihinen, KR., Kamal-Eldin, A., Torronen, AR. Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in berries of Fragaria and Rubus species (Family rosaceae) . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2004, vol. 52, no. 20, p. 6178–6187. DOI: 10.1021/jf049450r. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethyl acetate, methanol
Substance:

Ellagitannins (hydrolysable tannins) Ellagitannins (hydrolysable tannins) (RF-00004379-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Analytical method - additional description:

LC-DAD, LC-MS
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1605
Internal remarks:

ellagitannins in berries

Composition #8: Wu, Quoc K., Koponen, Jani M., Mykkanen, Hannu M., Torronen, A. Riitta. Berry phenolic extracts modulate the expression of p21(WAF1) and bax but not Bcl-2 in HT-29 colon cancer cells . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2007, vol. 55, no. 4, p. 1156–1163. DOI: 10.1021/jf062320t. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

100% methanol
Substance:

Ellagitannins (hydrolysable tannins) Ellagitannins (hydrolysable tannins) (RF-00004379-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1040
Internal remarks:

ellagitannins in berries

Composition #9: Koponen, Jani M., Happonen, Anu M., Mattila, Pirjo H., Torronen, A. Riitta. Contents of anthocyanins and ellagitannins in selected foods consumed in Finland . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2007, vol. 55, no. 4, p. 1612–1619. DOI: 10.1021/jf062897a. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80% methanol
Substance:

Ellagitannins (hydrolysable tannins) Ellagitannins (hydrolysable tannins) (RF-00004379-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

311.8
Internal remarks:

ellagitannins in berries

Composition #10: Trost, Kajetan., Uleberg, Eivind., Martinussen, Inger. Levels of individual anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamic derivates in selected clones of cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus) . acta agriculturae scandinavica section b-soil and plant science, 2013, vol. 63, no. 2, p. 147–152. DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2012.733726. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol:water 80:20 (v/v)
Substance:

p-coumaric acid (RF-00010717-PAR)
Additional substance description:

hydroxycinnamic acids
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

7-9.5
Internal remarks:

hydroxycinnamic acids in berries

Composition #11: Dudonne, Stephanie., Dube, Pascal., Anhe, Fernando Forato., Pilon, Genevieve., Marette, Andre., Lemire, Melanie., Harris, Cory., Dewailly, Eric., Desjardins, Yves. Comprehensive analysis of phenolic compounds and abscisic acid profiles of twelve native Canadian berries . journal of food composition and analysis, 2015, vol. 44, p. 214–224. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.09.003. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

100% ethanol
Substance:

Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) (RF-00004370-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4
Internal remarks:

Proanthocyanidins in fruit

Composition #12: Dudonne, Stephanie., Dube, Pascal., Anhe, Fernando Forato., Pilon, Genevieve., Marette, Andre., Lemire, Melanie., Harris, Cory., Dewailly, Eric., Desjardins, Yves. Comprehensive analysis of phenolic compounds and abscisic acid profiles of twelve native Canadian berries . journal of food composition and analysis, 2015, vol. 44, p. 214–224. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.09.003. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

100% ethanol
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.62
Internal remarks:

gallic acids in fruit

Composition #13: Dudonne, Stephanie., Dube, Pascal., Anhe, Fernando Forato., Pilon, Genevieve., Marette, Andre., Lemire, Melanie., Harris, Cory., Dewailly, Eric., Desjardins, Yves. Comprehensive analysis of phenolic compounds and abscisic acid profiles of twelve native Canadian berries . journal of food composition and analysis, 2015, vol. 44, p. 214–224. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.09.003. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

100% ethanol
Substance:

Ellagitannins (hydrolysable tannins) Ellagitannins (hydrolysable tannins) (RF-00004379-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

12.7
Internal remarks:

ellagitannins in fruit