EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Black locust bean (as plant) // Robinia pseudoacacia L.

Family:: Fabaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 5573
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: cyanamide in leaves #2: canavanine in leaves #3: Robin (lectin) #4: phasin (lectin)

Endpoint Studies

#1: neurological symptoms including coma and gastrointestinal symptoms in boys #2: case reports - horses #3: gastrointestinal symptoms, neurological signs in 2 ponies after eating the roots (case report) #4: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain in humans

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Kamo, Tsunashi., Tokuoka, Yoshinori., Miyazaki, Masahisa. Quantification of Canavanine, 2-Aminoethanol, and Cyanamide in Aphis craccivora and its Host Plants, Robinia pseudoacacia and Vicia angustifolia: Effects of These Compounds on Larval Survivorship of Harmonia axyridis. journal of chemical ecology, 2012, vol. 38, no. 12, p. 1552–1560. DOI: 10.1007/s10886-012-0220-9. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Cyanamide including salts expressed as cyanamide (RF-0103-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

132.6
Internal remarks:

cyanamide in leaves

Composition #2: Kamo, Tsunashi., Tokuoka, Yoshinori., Miyazaki, Masahisa. Quantification of Canavanine, 2-Aminoethanol, and Cyanamide in Aphis craccivora and its Host Plants, Robinia pseudoacacia and Vicia angustifolia: Effects of These Compounds on Larval Survivorship of Harmonia axyridis. journal of chemical ecology, 2012, vol. 38, no. 12, p. 1552–1560. DOI: 10.1007/s10886-012-0220-9. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Canavanine (RF-00003991-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

canavanine in leaves

Composition #3: Kaland, Mingzohn Ellen., Klein-Schwartz, Wendy., Anderson, Bruce D. Toxalbumin exposures: 12 years' experience of US poison centers. toxicon, 2015, vol. 99, p. 125–129. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.03.014. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Lectins (RF-00000439-ORG)
Additional substance description:

robin
Analytical method - additional description:

unspecified
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Robin (lectin)

Composition #4: Kaland, Mingzohn Ellen., Klein-Schwartz, Wendy., Anderson, Bruce D. Toxalbumin exposures: 12 years' experience of US poison centers. toxicon, 2015, vol. 99, p. 125–129. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.03.014. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

phasin (RF-00003987-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

unspecified
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

phasin (lectin)

Endpoint study #1: Costa Bou X., Soler i Ros JM., Seculi Palacios JL. Poisoning by Robinia pseudoacacia . Intoxicación por Robinia pseudoacacia.. anales espanoles de pediatria, 1990, vol. 32, no. 1, p. 68–9. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

7
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

3 boys developed neurological symptoms including coma, all 7 had gastrointestinal symptoms
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

neurological symptoms including coma and gastrointestinal symptoms in boys

Endpoint study #2: Botha, CJ., Naude, TW. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of importance in horses in southern Africa. journal of the south african veterinary association-tydskrif van die suid-afrikaanse veterinere vereniging, 2002, vol. 73, no. 3, p. 91–97. .

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Horse (as animal) (A0B9Z)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

anorexia, stupor, depression, laminitis, coldness of the extremities, mydriasis, dyspnoea, weak, irregular pulse and diarhoea (may contain blood)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

case reports - horses

Endpoint study #3: Vanschandevijl, K., van Loon, G., Lefere, L., Deprez, P. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) intoxication as a suspected cause of transient hyperammonaemia and enteral encephalopathy in a pony. equine veterinary education, 2010, vol. 22, no. 7, p. 336–339. DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2010.00090.x. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Horse (as animal) (A0B9Z)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

2
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

abdominal pain and mild diarrhoea, symptoms progressed to depression, weakness and the passing of dark, firm faeces and neurological signs,associated with transient hyperammonaemia
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

gastrointestinal symptoms, neurological signs in 2 ponies after eating the roots (case report)

Endpoint study #4: Kaland, Mingzohn Ellen., Klein-Schwartz, Wendy., Anderson, Bruce D. Toxalbumin exposures: 12 years' experience of US poison centers. toxicon, 2015, vol. 99, p. 125–129. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.03.014. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Number of organisms dosed:

233
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

52% had no effect but others experienced nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain in humans