EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Sumac fruit (as plant) // Rhus coriaria L.

Family:: Anacardiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 381
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: gallic acid in sticks #2: gallic acid in leaves #3: eugenol in fruits #4: tannins - leaves #5: gallotannins - leaves #6: pulegone #7: MYRCENE #8: fenchone #9: 1,8cineole #10: camphor #11: gallic acid and derivates - leaves

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Al-Boushi, M.A., Hamdo, H.H., Herbali, J. Extraction and study of the phenolic compounds in the leaves and sticks of the syrian sumac plant (rhus coriaria L.). international journal of chemtech research, 2014, vol. 6, no. 4, p. 2414–2420. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Result unit:

Gram/100 gram (G013A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

02.86
Internal remarks:

gallic acid in sticks

Composition #2: Al-Boushi, M.A., Hamdo, H.H., Herbali, J. Extraction and study of the phenolic compounds in the leaves and sticks of the syrian sumac plant (rhus coriaria L.). international journal of chemtech research, 2014, vol. 6, no. 4, p. 2414–2420. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Result unit:

Gram/100 gram (G013A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

04.78
Internal remarks:

gallic acid in leaves

Composition #3: Brunke, E.‐J., Hammerschmidt, F.‐J., Schmaus, G., Akgül, A. The essential oil of Rhus coriaria L. fruits. flavour and fragrance journal, 1993, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 209–214. DOI: 10.1002/ffj.2730080408. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydrodistillation
Substance:

Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.12
Internal remarks:

eugenol in fruits

Composition #4: Ugur, Ahmet Luetfi., Oezguer, Mahmure Uestuen., Guemruekcue, Guelsah., Sener, B. Adsorption of Cu (II) from Aqueous Solutions by Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) Tannins . innovations in chemical biology, 2009, p. 269–276. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6955-0_28. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aceton/water 70/30
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

27
Internal remarks:

tannins - leaves

Composition #5: Beretta, Giangiacomo., Rossoni, Giuseppe., Santagati, Natale Alfredo., Facino, Roberto Maffei. Anti-Ischemic Activity and Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxant Effect of Hydrolysable Tannins from the Leaves of Rhus coriaria (Sumac) in Isolated Rabbit Heart and Thoracic Aorta . planta medica, 2009, vol. 75, no. 14, p. 1482–1488. DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1185797. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol/water
Substance:

Gallotannins (RF-00013316-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography (F063A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

gallotannins - leaves

Composition #6: Giovanelli, Silvia., Giusti, Giulia., Cioni, Pier Luigi., Minissale, Pietro., Ciccarelli, Daniela., Pistelli, Luisa. Aroma profile and essential oil composition of Rhus coriaria fruits from four Sicilian sites of collection . industrial crops and products, 2017, vol. 97, p. 166–174. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.12.018. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

(+)-pulegone (RF-00003398-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.2-2.7
Internal remarks:

pulegone

Composition #7: Giovanelli, Silvia., Giusti, Giulia., Cioni, Pier Luigi., Minissale, Pietro., Ciccarelli, Daniela., Pistelli, Luisa. Aroma profile and essential oil composition of Rhus coriaria fruits from four Sicilian sites of collection . industrial crops and products, 2017, vol. 97, p. 166–174. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.12.018. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.3-1.1
Internal remarks:

MYRCENE

Composition #8: Giovanelli, Silvia., Giusti, Giulia., Cioni, Pier Luigi., Minissale, Pietro., Ciccarelli, Daniela., Pistelli, Luisa. Aroma profile and essential oil composition of Rhus coriaria fruits from four Sicilian sites of collection . industrial crops and products, 2017, vol. 97, p. 166–174. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.12.018. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

fenchone (RF-00003814-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.2-20.70
Internal remarks:

fenchone

Composition #9: Giovanelli, Silvia., Giusti, Giulia., Cioni, Pier Luigi., Minissale, Pietro., Ciccarelli, Daniela., Pistelli, Luisa. Aroma profile and essential oil composition of Rhus coriaria fruits from four Sicilian sites of collection . industrial crops and products, 2017, vol. 97, p. 166–174. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.12.018. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5.2
Internal remarks:

1,8cineole

Composition #10: Giovanelli, Silvia., Giusti, Giulia., Cioni, Pier Luigi., Minissale, Pietro., Ciccarelli, Daniela., Pistelli, Luisa. Aroma profile and essential oil composition of Rhus coriaria fruits from four Sicilian sites of collection . industrial crops and products, 2017, vol. 97, p. 166–174. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.12.018. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

(-)-camphor (RF-00003469-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.3 -12.5
Internal remarks:

camphor

Composition #11: ELSISSI, H., ISHAK, MS., ABDELWAH.MS., ELANSARI, MA. GALLOTANNINS OF RHUS-CORIARIA AND MANGIFERA-INDICA. planta medica, 1971, vol. 19, no. 4, p. 342–&. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethyl acetate, methanol and water.
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Additional substance description:

gallic acid, m-digallic acid, methyl gallate and ellagic acid
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

gallic acid and derivates - leaves