EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Rheum palmatum L.

Family:: Polygonaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1651
Number of processed references:: 2

Compositions

#1: aloe-emodin in roots HPLC-UV #2: physcion in roots HPLC #3: emodin in roots #4: chrysophanol in roots HPLC-UV #5: physcion in roots qHNMR #6: emodin in roots qHNMR #7: anthraquinones in roots HPLC-UV #8: aloe-emodin in roots qHNMR #9: chrysophanol in roots qHNMR #10: rhein in roots HPLC-UV #11: rhein in roots qHNMR #12: anthraquinones in roots qHNMR #13: aloe-emodin in roots #14: emodin in roots #15: chrysophanol in roots #16: physcion in roots #17: rhein in roots

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Wang, Zhi-Wei., Wang, Jun-Song., Yang, Ming-Hua., Luo, Jian-Guang., Kong, Ling-Yi. Developmental Changes in the Composition of Five Anthraquinones from Rheum palmatum as Quantified by 1H-NMR . phytochemical analysis, 2013, vol. 24, no. 4, p. 329–335. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2414. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Aloe-emodin (RF-00003670-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.64-2.44
Internal remarks:

aloe-emodin in roots HPLC-UV

Composition #2: Wang, Zhi-Wei., Wang, Jun-Song., Yang, Ming-Hua., Luo, Jian-Guang., Kong, Ling-Yi. Developmental Changes in the Composition of Five Anthraquinones from Rheum palmatum as Quantified by 1H-NMR . phytochemical analysis, 2013, vol. 24, no. 4, p. 329–335. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2414. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

physcion (RF-00003993-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.47-2.44
Internal remarks:

physcion in roots HPLC

Composition #3: Wang, Zhi-Wei., Wang, Jun-Song., Yang, Ming-Hua., Luo, Jian-Guang., Kong, Ling-Yi. Developmental Changes in the Composition of Five Anthraquinones from Rheum palmatum as Quantified by 1H-NMR . phytochemical analysis, 2013, vol. 24, no. 4, p. 329–335. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2414. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Emodin (RF-00003798-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.81-3.94
Internal remarks:

emodin in roots

Composition #4: Wang, Zhi-Wei., Wang, Jun-Song., Yang, Ming-Hua., Luo, Jian-Guang., Kong, Ling-Yi. Developmental Changes in the Composition of Five Anthraquinones from Rheum palmatum as Quantified by 1H-NMR . phytochemical analysis, 2013, vol. 24, no. 4, p. 329–335. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2414. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

chrysophanol (RF-00003737-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6.62-12.97
Internal remarks:

chrysophanol in roots HPLC-UV

Composition #5: Wang, Zhi-Wei., Wang, Jun-Song., Yang, Ming-Hua., Luo, Jian-Guang., Kong, Ling-Yi. Developmental Changes in the Composition of Five Anthraquinones from Rheum palmatum as Quantified by 1H-NMR . phytochemical analysis, 2013, vol. 24, no. 4, p. 329–335. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2414. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

physcion (RF-00003993-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

qHNMR
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.32-2.43
Internal remarks:

physcion in roots qHNMR

Composition #6: Wang, Zhi-Wei., Wang, Jun-Song., Yang, Ming-Hua., Luo, Jian-Guang., Kong, Ling-Yi. Developmental Changes in the Composition of Five Anthraquinones from Rheum palmatum as Quantified by 1H-NMR . phytochemical analysis, 2013, vol. 24, no. 4, p. 329–335. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2414. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Emodin (RF-00003798-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

qHNMR
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.99-4.19
Internal remarks:

emodin in roots qHNMR

Composition #7: Wang, Zhi-Wei., Wang, Jun-Song., Yang, Ming-Hua., Luo, Jian-Guang., Kong, Ling-Yi. Developmental Changes in the Composition of Five Anthraquinones from Rheum palmatum as Quantified by 1H-NMR . phytochemical analysis, 2013, vol. 24, no. 4, p. 329–335. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2414. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

14.03-22.9
Internal remarks:

anthraquinones in roots HPLC-UV

Composition #8: Wang, Zhi-Wei., Wang, Jun-Song., Yang, Ming-Hua., Luo, Jian-Guang., Kong, Ling-Yi. Developmental Changes in the Composition of Five Anthraquinones from Rheum palmatum as Quantified by 1H-NMR . phytochemical analysis, 2013, vol. 24, no. 4, p. 329–335. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2414. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Aloe-emodin (RF-00003670-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

qHNMR
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.59-3.28
Internal remarks:

aloe-emodin in roots qHNMR

Composition #9: Wang, Zhi-Wei., Wang, Jun-Song., Yang, Ming-Hua., Luo, Jian-Guang., Kong, Ling-Yi. Developmental Changes in the Composition of Five Anthraquinones from Rheum palmatum as Quantified by 1H-NMR . phytochemical analysis, 2013, vol. 24, no. 4, p. 329–335. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2414. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

chrysophanol (RF-00003737-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

qHNMR
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6.67-13.42
Internal remarks:

chrysophanol in roots qHNMR

Composition #10: Wang, Zhi-Wei., Wang, Jun-Song., Yang, Ming-Hua., Luo, Jian-Guang., Kong, Ling-Yi. Developmental Changes in the Composition of Five Anthraquinones from Rheum palmatum as Quantified by 1H-NMR . phytochemical analysis, 2013, vol. 24, no. 4, p. 329–335. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2414. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

rhein (RF-00004027-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.13-4.39
Internal remarks:

rhein in roots HPLC-UV

Composition #11: Wang, Zhi-Wei., Wang, Jun-Song., Yang, Ming-Hua., Luo, Jian-Guang., Kong, Ling-Yi. Developmental Changes in the Composition of Five Anthraquinones from Rheum palmatum as Quantified by 1H-NMR . phytochemical analysis, 2013, vol. 24, no. 4, p. 329–335. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2414. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

rhein (RF-00004027-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

qHNMR
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.09-4.14
Internal remarks:

rhein in roots qHNMR

Composition #12: Wang, Zhi-Wei., Wang, Jun-Song., Yang, Ming-Hua., Luo, Jian-Guang., Kong, Ling-Yi. Developmental Changes in the Composition of Five Anthraquinones from Rheum palmatum as Quantified by 1H-NMR . phytochemical analysis, 2013, vol. 24, no. 4, p. 329–335. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2414. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

qHNMR
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

15.35-23.78
Internal remarks:

anthraquinones in roots qHNMR

Composition #13: Liu, SY., Sporer, F., Wink, M., Jourdane, J., Henning, R., Li, YL., Ruppel, A. Anthraquinones in Rheum palmatum and Rumex dentatus (Polygonaceae), and phorbol esters in Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) with molluscicidal activity against the schistosome vector snails Oncomelania, Biomphalaria and Bulinus . tropical medicine & international health, 1997, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 179–188. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-242.x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Aloe-emodin (RF-00003670-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

aloe-emodin in roots

Composition #14: Liu, SY., Sporer, F., Wink, M., Jourdane, J., Henning, R., Li, YL., Ruppel, A. Anthraquinones in Rheum palmatum and Rumex dentatus (Polygonaceae), and phorbol esters in Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) with molluscicidal activity against the schistosome vector snails Oncomelania, Biomphalaria and Bulinus . tropical medicine & international health, 1997, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 179–188. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-242.x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Emodin (RF-00003798-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

emodin in roots

Composition #15: Liu, SY., Sporer, F., Wink, M., Jourdane, J., Henning, R., Li, YL., Ruppel, A. Anthraquinones in Rheum palmatum and Rumex dentatus (Polygonaceae), and phorbol esters in Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) with molluscicidal activity against the schistosome vector snails Oncomelania, Biomphalaria and Bulinus . tropical medicine & international health, 1997, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 179–188. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-242.x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

chrysophanol (RF-00003737-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

chrysophanol in roots

Composition #16: Liu, SY., Sporer, F., Wink, M., Jourdane, J., Henning, R., Li, YL., Ruppel, A. Anthraquinones in Rheum palmatum and Rumex dentatus (Polygonaceae), and phorbol esters in Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) with molluscicidal activity against the schistosome vector snails Oncomelania, Biomphalaria and Bulinus . tropical medicine & international health, 1997, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 179–188. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-242.x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

physcion (RF-00003993-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

physcion in roots

Composition #17: Liu, SY., Sporer, F., Wink, M., Jourdane, J., Henning, R., Li, YL., Ruppel, A. Anthraquinones in Rheum palmatum and Rumex dentatus (Polygonaceae), and phorbol esters in Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) with molluscicidal activity against the schistosome vector snails Oncomelania, Biomphalaria and Bulinus . tropical medicine & international health, 1997, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 179–188. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-242.x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

rhein (RF-00004027-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

rhein in roots