EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Rheum officinale Baill.

Family:: Polygonaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 3671
Number of processed references:: 9

Compositions

#1: Chrysophanol in herb #2: Anthraquinones in herb #3: Rhein in herb #4: Emodin in herb #5: hydroxyanthraquinones in roots #6: Chrysophanol in roots #7: Aloe-emodin in roots #8: Physcion in roots #9: Sennoside A in roots #10: Emodin in roots #11: Rhein in roots #12: Sennoside B in roots #13: anthraquinone glycosides in roots #14: sennoside A in roots #15: hydroxyanthraquinones (rhein, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, physcion and emodin) #16: Stilbenes in rhizomes #17: Emodin in unspecified part #18: total Anthraquinone derivates in unspecified part #19: Aloe-emodin in unspecified part #20: Chrysophanol in unspecified part #21: Physcion in unspecified part #22: Rhein in unspecified part #23: chrysophanol in roots #24: total anthraquinones in roots #25: physcion in roots #26: emodin in roots #27: aloeemodin in roots #28: rhein in roots

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

#1: positive mutagenic activity in salmonella typhimurium

Composition #1: Sun, MZ., Sakakibara, H., Ashida, H., Danno, G., Kanazawa, K. Cytochrome P4501A1-inhibitory action of antimutagenic anthraquinones in medicinal plants and the structure-activity relationship . bioscience biotechnology and biochemistry, 2000, vol. 64, no. 7, p. 1373–1378. DOI: 10.1271/bbb.64.1373. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol (herb)
Substance:

chrysophanol (RF-00003737-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.21
Internal remarks:

Chrysophanol in herb

Composition #2: Sun, MZ., Sakakibara, H., Ashida, H., Danno, G., Kanazawa, K. Cytochrome P4501A1-inhibitory action of antimutagenic anthraquinones in medicinal plants and the structure-activity relationship . bioscience biotechnology and biochemistry, 2000, vol. 64, no. 7, p. 1373–1378. DOI: 10.1271/bbb.64.1373. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol (herb)
Substance:

Anthraquinone (RF-0475-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Anthraquinones in herb

Composition #3: Sun, MZ., Sakakibara, H., Ashida, H., Danno, G., Kanazawa, K. Cytochrome P4501A1-inhibitory action of antimutagenic anthraquinones in medicinal plants and the structure-activity relationship . bioscience biotechnology and biochemistry, 2000, vol. 64, no. 7, p. 1373–1378. DOI: 10.1271/bbb.64.1373. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol (herb)
Substance:

rhein (RF-00004027-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.18
Internal remarks:

Rhein in herb

Composition #4: Sun, MZ., Sakakibara, H., Ashida, H., Danno, G., Kanazawa, K. Cytochrome P4501A1-inhibitory action of antimutagenic anthraquinones in medicinal plants and the structure-activity relationship . bioscience biotechnology and biochemistry, 2000, vol. 64, no. 7, p. 1373–1378. DOI: 10.1271/bbb.64.1373. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol (herb)
Substance:

Emodin (RF-00003798-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.34
Internal remarks:

Emodin in herb

Composition #5: Yang, FQ., Zhang, TY., Xu, GQ., Chou, FE., Ito, Y. pH-modulated stepwise elution CCC and its application to the preparative separation of hydroxyanthraquinone compounds from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs . journal of liquid chromatography & related technologies, 2001, vol. 24, no. 11-12, p. 1617–1628. DOI: 10.1081/JLC-100104367. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Anthraquinone (RF-0475-001-PPP)
Additional substance description:

hydroxyanthraquinones
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

High-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC)
Result unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

21
Internal remarks:

hydroxyanthraquinones in roots

Composition #6: Sun, SW., Yeh, PC. Analysis of rhubarb anthraquinones and bianthrones by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography . journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2005, vol. 36, no. 5, p. 995–1001. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.08.039. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

chrysophanol (RF-00003737-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography(MEEKC)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.77
Internal remarks:

Chrysophanol in roots

Composition #7: Sun, SW., Yeh, PC. Analysis of rhubarb anthraquinones and bianthrones by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography . journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2005, vol. 36, no. 5, p. 995–1001. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.08.039. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Aloe-emodin (RF-00003670-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography(MEEKC)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.65
Internal remarks:

Aloe-emodin in roots

Composition #8: Sun, SW., Yeh, PC. Analysis of rhubarb anthraquinones and bianthrones by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography . journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2005, vol. 36, no. 5, p. 995–1001. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.08.039. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

physcion (RF-00003993-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography(MEEKC)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.14
Internal remarks:

Physcion in roots

Composition #9: Sun, SW., Yeh, PC. Analysis of rhubarb anthraquinones and bianthrones by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography . journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2005, vol. 36, no. 5, p. 995–1001. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.08.039. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

sennoside A (RF-00004051-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography(MEEKC)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

13.68
Internal remarks:

Sennoside A in roots

Composition #10: Sun, SW., Yeh, PC. Analysis of rhubarb anthraquinones and bianthrones by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography . journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2005, vol. 36, no. 5, p. 995–1001. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.08.039. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Emodin (RF-00003798-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography(MEEKC)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.35
Internal remarks:

Emodin in roots

Composition #11: Sun, SW., Yeh, PC. Analysis of rhubarb anthraquinones and bianthrones by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography . journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2005, vol. 36, no. 5, p. 995–1001. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.08.039. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

rhein (RF-00004027-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography(MEEKC)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.36
Internal remarks:

Rhein in roots

Composition #12: Sun, SW., Yeh, PC. Analysis of rhubarb anthraquinones and bianthrones by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography . journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2005, vol. 36, no. 5, p. 995–1001. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.08.039. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

sennoside B (RF-00004052-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography(MEEKC)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5.87
Internal remarks:

Sennoside B in roots

Composition #13: Ye, Min., Han, Jian., Chen, Hubiao., Zheng, Junhua., Guo, Dean. Analysis of phenolic compounds in rhubarbs using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry . journal of the american society for mass spectrometry, 2007, vol. 18, no. 1, p. 82–91. DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.08.009. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
Additional substance description:

anthraquinone glycosides (Rhein 8-O-glucoside, Emodin-O-glucoside, Chrysophanol 1-O-glucoside, Emodin 1-O-glucoside, Emodin 8-O-glucoside, Chrysophanol 8-O-glucoside)
Analytical method code:

UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

anthraquinone glycosides in roots

Composition #14: Ye, Min., Han, Jian., Chen, Hubiao., Zheng, Junhua., Guo, Dean. Analysis of phenolic compounds in rhubarbs using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry . journal of the american society for mass spectrometry, 2007, vol. 18, no. 1, p. 82–91. DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.08.009. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

sennoside A (RF-00004051-PAR)
Analytical method code:

UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

sennoside A in roots

Composition #15: Huang, Yanyan., Sun, Ailing., Qi, Yuanying., Liu, Renmin. Purification of hydroxyanthraquinones and cinnamic acid from the roots of Rheum officinale Baill . journal of separation science, 2008, vol. 31, no. 2, p. 283–287. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700430. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

NaOH
Substance:

anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
Additional substance description:

hydroxyanthraquinones (rhein, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, physcion and emodin)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

hydroxyanthraquinones (rhein, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, physcion and emodin)

Composition #16: Ngoc, Tran Minh., Minh, Pham Thi Hong., Hung, Tran Manh., Thuong, Phuong Thien., Lee, IkSoo., Min, Byung-Sun., Bae, KiHwan. Lipoxygenase inhibitory constituents from rhubarb. archives of pharmacal research, 2008, vol. 31, no. 5, p. 598–605. DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1199-0. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol (rhizomes)
Substance:

Stilbenes, stilbene derivatives (RF-00000284-VET)
Additional substance description:

desoxyrhaponticin, rhaponticin, resveratrol, desoxyrhapotigenin, rhapontigenin, piceatannol-3'-O--D-glucopyranoside, piceid, -viniferin, ampelopsin B, isorhaponticin
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Stilbenes in rhizomes

Composition #17: Wang, Jiabo., Li, Huifang., Jin, Cheng., Qu, Yi., Xiao, Xiaohe. Development and validation of a UPLC method for quality control of rhubarb-based medicine: Fast simultaneous determination of five anthraquinone derivatives . journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2008, vol. 47, no. 4-5, p. 765–770. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.03.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Emodin (RF-00003798-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5.52
Internal remarks:

Emodin in unspecified part

Composition #18: Wang, Jiabo., Li, Huifang., Jin, Cheng., Qu, Yi., Xiao, Xiaohe. Development and validation of a UPLC method for quality control of rhubarb-based medicine: Fast simultaneous determination of five anthraquinone derivatives . journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2008, vol. 47, no. 4-5, p. 765–770. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.03.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Anthraquinone (RF-0475-001-PPP)
Additional substance description:

Anthraquinone derivates
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

34.59
Internal remarks:

total Anthraquinone derivates in unspecified part

Composition #19: Wang, Jiabo., Li, Huifang., Jin, Cheng., Qu, Yi., Xiao, Xiaohe. Development and validation of a UPLC method for quality control of rhubarb-based medicine: Fast simultaneous determination of five anthraquinone derivatives . journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2008, vol. 47, no. 4-5, p. 765–770. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.03.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Aloe-emodin (RF-00003670-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5.56
Internal remarks:

Aloe-emodin in unspecified part

Composition #20: Wang, Jiabo., Li, Huifang., Jin, Cheng., Qu, Yi., Xiao, Xiaohe. Development and validation of a UPLC method for quality control of rhubarb-based medicine: Fast simultaneous determination of five anthraquinone derivatives . journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2008, vol. 47, no. 4-5, p. 765–770. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.03.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

chrysophanol (RF-00003737-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

12.81
Internal remarks:

Chrysophanol in unspecified part

Composition #21: Wang, Jiabo., Li, Huifang., Jin, Cheng., Qu, Yi., Xiao, Xiaohe. Development and validation of a UPLC method for quality control of rhubarb-based medicine: Fast simultaneous determination of five anthraquinone derivatives . journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2008, vol. 47, no. 4-5, p. 765–770. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.03.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

physcion (RF-00003993-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.07
Internal remarks:

Physcion in unspecified part

Composition #22: Wang, Jiabo., Li, Huifang., Jin, Cheng., Qu, Yi., Xiao, Xiaohe. Development and validation of a UPLC method for quality control of rhubarb-based medicine: Fast simultaneous determination of five anthraquinone derivatives . journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2008, vol. 47, no. 4-5, p. 765–770. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.03.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

rhein (RF-00004027-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

7.63
Internal remarks:

Rhein in unspecified part

Composition #23: Aichner, Dorothea., Ganzera, Markus. Analysis of anthraquinones in rhubarb (Rheum palmatum and Rheum officinale) by supercritical fluid chromatography . talanta, 2015, vol. 144, p. 1239–1244. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.08.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol - water
Substance:

chrysophanol (RF-00003737-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.08 - 0.34
Internal remarks:

chrysophanol in roots

Composition #24: Aichner, Dorothea., Ganzera, Markus. Analysis of anthraquinones in rhubarb (Rheum palmatum and Rheum officinale) by supercritical fluid chromatography . talanta, 2015, vol. 144, p. 1239–1244. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.08.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol - water
Substance:

Anthraquinone (RF-0475-001-PPP)
Additional substance description:

total anthraquinones (chrysophanol, physcion, emodin, aloeemodin, and rhein)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.32 - 2.08
Internal remarks:

total anthraquinones in roots

Composition #25: Aichner, Dorothea., Ganzera, Markus. Analysis of anthraquinones in rhubarb (Rheum palmatum and Rheum officinale) by supercritical fluid chromatography . talanta, 2015, vol. 144, p. 1239–1244. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.08.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol - water
Substance:

physcion (RF-00003993-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.02 - 0.07
Internal remarks:

physcion in roots

Composition #26: Aichner, Dorothea., Ganzera, Markus. Analysis of anthraquinones in rhubarb (Rheum palmatum and Rheum officinale) by supercritical fluid chromatography . talanta, 2015, vol. 144, p. 1239–1244. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.08.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol - water
Substance:

Emodin (RF-00003798-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.05 - 0.19
Internal remarks:

emodin in roots

Composition #27: Aichner, Dorothea., Ganzera, Markus. Analysis of anthraquinones in rhubarb (Rheum palmatum and Rheum officinale) by supercritical fluid chromatography . talanta, 2015, vol. 144, p. 1239–1244. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.08.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol - water
Substance:

Aloe-emodin (RF-00003670-PAR)
Additional substance description:

aloeemodin
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.05 - 0.33
Internal remarks:

aloeemodin in roots

Composition #28: Aichner, Dorothea., Ganzera, Markus. Analysis of anthraquinones in rhubarb (Rheum palmatum and Rheum officinale) by supercritical fluid chromatography . talanta, 2015, vol. 144, p. 1239–1244. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.08.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol - water
Substance:

rhein (RF-00004027-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.09 - 1.26
Internal remarks:

rhein in roots

Genotox #1: Mahmoud, I., Alkofahi, A., Abdelaziz, A. Mutagenic and toxic activities of several spices and some jordanian medicinal plants. pharmaceutical biology, 1992, vol. 30, no. 2, p. 81–85. DOI: 10.3109/13880209209053961. [DOI link]

Study category:

Mutagenicity
Type of toxicological test:

other (CHD008TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Tested organism:

Salmonella typhimurium (as organism) (A0CPZ)
Sex:

No data
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

no data
Control groups used:

no
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

positive mutagenic activity in salmonella typhimurium
Internal remarks:

positive mutagenic activity in salmonella typhimurium
Internal ID:

eid=2-s2.0-84907105429