EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir.

Family:: Fabaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 135
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: isoflavones (angolensin, pseudobaptigenin, acetylpseudobaptigenin, methylpseudobabtigenin) in heartwood #2: alkaloids in roots #3: alkaloids in bark #4: phytic acids in leaves #5: saponins in leaves #6: oxalates in leaves

Endpoint Studies

#1: Shorter bleeding time after dosing of rats with ethanol extract of stem bark #2: Changes in haematology in goats fed the leaves as their sole feed for 84 days.

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Bevan, C. W. L., Ekong, D. E. U., Obasi, M. E., Powell, J. W. West African timbers. XIII. Extracts from the heartwood of Amphimas pterocarpoides and Pterocarpus erinaceus. journal of the chemical society [section] c: organic, 1966, vol. (5), p. 509–10. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hot light petroleum, hot methanol
Substance:

isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
Additional substance description:

angolensin, pseudobaptigenin,acetylpseudobaptigenin, methylpseudobabtigenin
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

isoflavones (angolensin, pseudobaptigenin, acetylpseudobaptigenin, methylpseudobabtigenin) in heartwood

Composition #2: China, Tiropa Francis Chabi., Gbangboche, Bienvenu Armand., Attindehou, Sabbas., Olounlade, Abiodoun Pascal. Chemical components of main used herbal remedies in somba cattle health care in the northern Benin. world journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 2016, vol. 5, no. 5, p. 175–184. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

10% acetic acid
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Direct extraction from tissue samples (F575A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Harborne method
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.03
Internal remarks:

alkaloids in roots

Composition #3: China, Tiropa Francis Chabi., Gbangboche, Bienvenu Armand., Attindehou, Sabbas., Olounlade, Abiodoun Pascal. Chemical components of main used herbal remedies in somba cattle health care in the northern Benin. world journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 2016, vol. 5, no. 5, p. 175–184. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

10% acetic acid
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Direct extraction from tissue samples (F575A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Harborne method
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.07
Internal remarks:

alkaloids in bark

Composition #4: Okunade, S.A., Isah, O.A., Aderinboye, R.Y., Olafadehan, O.A. Assessment of chemical composition and in vitro degradation profile of some Guinea Savannah browse plants of Nigeria. tropical and subtropical agroecosystems, 2014, vol. 17, no. 3, p. 529–538. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Substance:

phytic acid (RF-00000363-NTR)
Additional substance description:

phytate
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Result unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5.38
Internal remarks:

phytic acids in leaves

Composition #5: Okunade, S.A., Isah, O.A., Aderinboye, R.Y., Olafadehan, O.A. Assessment of chemical composition and in vitro degradation profile of some Guinea Savannah browse plants of Nigeria. tropical and subtropical agroecosystems, 2014, vol. 17, no. 3, p. 529–538. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Result unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.02
Internal remarks:

saponins in leaves

Composition #6: Okunade, S.A., Isah, O.A., Aderinboye, R.Y., Olafadehan, O.A. Assessment of chemical composition and in vitro degradation profile of some Guinea Savannah browse plants of Nigeria. tropical and subtropical agroecosystems, 2014, vol. 17, no. 3, p. 529–538. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Result unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.26
Internal remarks:

oxalates in leaves

Endpoint study #1: Salawu, O. A., Aliyu, M., Tijani, A. Y. Haematological studies on the ethanolic stem bark extract of Pterocarpus erinaceus poir (fabaceae) . african journal of biotechnology, 2008, vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1212–1215. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

30.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

40
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

200
Critical effect:

HEMOPOIETIC (TOX10A)
Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Blood Coagulation (TT010A)
Effect description:

Shorter bleeding time
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

haematology (CHD023BE)
Internal remarks:

Shorter bleeding time after dosing of rats with ethanol extract of stem bark

Endpoint study #2: Olafadehan, Olurotimi A. Changes in haematological and biochemical diagnostic parameters of Red Sokoto goats fed tannin-rich Pterocarpus erinaceus forage diets . veterinarski arhiv, 2011, vol. 81, no. 4, p. 471–483. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Tested organism:

Goat (as animal) (A057P)
Sex:

No data
Exposure duration:

84.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

25
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

100
Critical effect:

HEMOPOIETIC (TOX10A)
Target tissue:

Cardiovascular / Haematological (TT001A)
Effect description:

Statistically significant lower red blood cell count, white blood cell count, lymphocyte (%) and monocyte (%)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

haematology (CHD023BE)
Internal remarks:

Changes in haematology in goats fed the leaves as their sole feed for 84 days.