EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Capulin (as plant) // Prunus serotina Ehrh.

Family:: Rosaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1862
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Prunasin hydrolase (seed) #2: Amygdalin hydrolase (seed) #3: Amygdalin (leaves) #4: Prunasin (leaves)

Endpoint Studies

#1: 2-year-old male goat showed weakness, depression, seizure-like activity, and lateral recumbency which leads to death #2: Mortality of goat after ingestion of leaves and twigs of black cherry (P. serotina)

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Kuroki, Gary., Lizotte, Pauline A., Poulton, Jonathan E. Catabolism of (R)-amygdalin and (R)-vicianin by partially purified β-glycosidases from Prunus serotina Ehrh. and Davallia trichomanoides.. zeitschrift fuer naturforschung, c: journal of biosciences, 1984, vol. 39C, no. 3-4, p. 232–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

10 ml of buffer, 0.5 g of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone
Substance:

prunasin (RF-00004011-PAR)
Additional substance description:

prunasin hydrolase
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Prunasin hydrolase (seed)

Composition #2: Kuroki, Gary., Lizotte, Pauline A., Poulton, Jonathan E. Catabolism of (R)-amygdalin and (R)-vicianin by partially purified β-glycosidases from Prunus serotina Ehrh. and Davallia trichomanoides.. zeitschrift fuer naturforschung, c: journal of biosciences, 1984, vol. 39C, no. 3-4, p. 232–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

10 ml of buffer, 0.5 g of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone
Substance:

amygdalin (RF-00003680-PAR)
Additional substance description:

amygdalin hydrolase
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Amygdalin hydrolase (seed)

Composition #3: Santos Pimenta, Lucia P., Schilthuizen, Menno., Verpoorte, Robert., Choi, Young Hae. Quantitative Analysis of Amygdalin and Prunasin in Prunus serotina Ehrh. using H-1-NMR Spectroscopy . phytochemical analysis, 2014, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 122–126. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2476. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

amygdalin (RF-00003680-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.72-20.95
Internal remarks:

Amygdalin (leaves)

Composition #4: Santos Pimenta, Lucia P., Schilthuizen, Menno., Verpoorte, Robert., Choi, Young Hae. Quantitative Analysis of Amygdalin and Prunasin in Prunus serotina Ehrh. using H-1-NMR Spectroscopy . phytochemical analysis, 2014, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 122–126. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2476. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

prunasin (RF-00004011-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9.71-59.49
Internal remarks:

Prunasin (leaves)

Endpoint study #1: Radi, ZA., Styer, EL., Thompson, LJ. Prunus spp. intoxication in ruminants: a case in a goat and diagnosis by identification of leaf fragments in rumen contents . journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation, 2004, vol. 16, no. 6, p. 593–599. .

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional plant/substance description:

unspecified extraction method
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Goat (as animal) (A057P)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

MUSCLO-SKELETAL (TOX13A)
Target tissue:

respiratory: Lung (TT041A)
Effect description:

A 2-year old male goat exhibited seizure like activity, lung edema, rigidity, depression and muscle weakness that progressed to lateral recumbency and death after consumption of leaves of P. serotina
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

2-year-old male goat showed weakness, depression, seizure-like activity, and lateral recumbency which leads to death

Endpoint study #2: GOUGH, JF. BLACK-CHERRY POISONING IN AN ANGORA-GOAT. canadian veterinary journal-revue veterinaire canadienne, 1995, vol. 36, no. 1, p. 45–45. .

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional plant/substance description:

foliage/unspecified extraction method
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Goat (as animal) (A057P)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Stomach (TT027A)
Effect description:

A 6 to 8-month-old Angora goat, weighing 22 kg, died after ingestion of leaves and twigs of black cherry (P. serotina)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

Mortality of goat after ingestion of leaves and twigs of black cherry (P. serotina)