EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Prunus laurocerasus L.

Family:: Rosaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 521
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

#1: Prulaurasin (cyanogenic glucoside) in the leaves #2: Hydrocyanic acid in leaves #3: coumaric acid in fruits #4: protocatechuic acid in fruits #5: prunasin in leaves #6: Benzaldehyde in leaves #7: prunasin amide in leaves

Endpoint Studies

#1: case report: mortality- a three-year-old goat with progressive ataxia, increased salivation and dyspnoea, convulsions, mouth breathing, recumbency after the ingestion of 1.4 kg of leaves of Prunus laurocerasus

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Herissey, H. On Prulaurasin, the Cyanogenetic Glucoside of the Leaves of Prunus laurocerasus. archiv der pharmazie (weinheim, germany), 1908, vol. 245, p. 463–8. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

Cyanogenic glycosides (RF-00004375-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Prulaurasin
Analytical method - additional description:

recrystalization
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Prulaurasin (cyanogenic glucoside) in the leaves

Composition #2: Waller, A. D. A New Method for the Quantitative Estimation of Hydrocyanic Acid in Vegetable and Animal Tissues. proceedings of the royal society of london, series b: biological sciences, 1911, vol. 82, p. 574–87. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform + ether + alcool + water
Substance:

Hydrocyanic acid (RF-00000333-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Hydrocyanic acid in leaves

Composition #3: Ayaz, F. A., Kadioglu, A., Reunanen, M., Var, M. Phenolic acid and fatty acid composition in the fruits of Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. and its cultivars. journal of food composition and analysis, 1997, vol. 10, no. 4, p. 350–357. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether
Substance:

p-coumaric acid (RF-00010717-PAR)
Additional substance description:

coumaric acid
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.49
Internal remarks:

coumaric acid in fruits

Composition #4: Ayaz, F. A., Kadioglu, A., Reunanen, M., Var, M. Phenolic acid and fatty acid composition in the fruits of Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. and its cultivars. journal of food composition and analysis, 1997, vol. 10, no. 4, p. 350–357. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether
Substance:

3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (RF-00008853-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.13
Internal remarks:

protocatechuic acid in fruits

Composition #5: Sendker, Jandirk., Nahrstedt, Adolf. Generation of primary amide glucosides from cyanogenic glucosides. phytochemistry, 2009, vol. 70, no. 3, p. 388–393. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.11.008. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

CH2Cl2 (green leaves)
Substance:

prunasin (RF-00004011-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Gram/100 gram (G013A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6.45
Internal remarks:

prunasin in leaves

Composition #6: Stanisavljevic, I. T., Lazic, M. L., Veljkovic, V. B., Stojicevic, S. S., Velickovic, D. T., Ristic, M. S. Kinetics of Hydrodistillation and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L. var. serbica Pancic) Leaves . journal of essential oil research, 2010, vol. 22, no. 6, p. 564–567. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

Benzaldehyde (RF-00008323-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

99.7
Internal remarks:

Benzaldehyde in leaves

Composition #7: Sendker, Jandirk., Ellendorff, Therese., Hoelzenbein, Aljoscha. Occurrence of Benzoic Acid Esters as Putative Catabolites of Prunasin in Senescent Leaves of Prunus laurocerasus . journal of natural products, 2016, vol. 79, no. 7, p. 1724–1729. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01090. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone−water
Substance:

prunasin (RF-00004011-PAR)
Additional substance description:

prunasin amide
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UHPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

prunasin amide in leaves

Endpoint study #1: Schmidt, B., Goerigk, D., Locher, L., Jäger, K., Bachmann, L., Coenen, M. Cyanide toxicosis in goats after ingestion of improperly stored green waste from cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) - A case report Blausäureintoxikation von Ziegen nach Aufnahme von unsachgemäß gelagerten Grünabfällen der Lorbeerkirsche (Prunus laurocerasus L.) - Ein Fallbericht . praktische tierarzt, 2013, vol. 94, no. 8, p. 722–731. .

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Substance:

Hydrocyanic acid (RF-00000333-TOX)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional plant/substance description:

ingestion of green waste from Prunus laurocerasus
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Exposure duration:

1.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Lowest lethal dose (CHD025EP)
Concentration unit:

Kilogram (G167A)
Effect concentration:

1.4
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

Respiratory (TT005A)
Effect description:

progressive ataxia, increased salivation and dyspnoea, convulsions, mouth breathing, recumbency
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

case report: mortality- a three-year-old goat with progressive ataxia, increased salivation and dyspnoea, convulsions, mouth breathing, recumbency after the ingestion of 1.4 kg of leaves of Prunus laurocerasus