EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Plumbago europaea L.

Family:: Plumbaginaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 35
Number of processed references:: 3

Compositions

#1: Tannis in leaves #2: Cardiac glycosides in leaves #3: plumbagin in roots #4: nonanal in roots #5: plumbagin in leaves #6: plumbagin in roots #7: plumbagin in stems

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Jaradat, N.A., Zaid, A.N., Hussein, F. Investigation of the antiobesity and antioxidant properties of wild Plumbago europaea and Plumbago auriculata from North Palestine. chemical and biological technologies in agriculture, 2016, vol. 3, no. 1 . DOI: 10.1186/s40538-016-0082-4. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqua, methanolic, acetone
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannis in leaves

Composition #2: Jaradat, N.A., Zaid, A.N., Hussein, F. Investigation of the antiobesity and antioxidant properties of wild Plumbago europaea and Plumbago auriculata from North Palestine. chemical and biological technologies in agriculture, 2016, vol. 3, no. 1 . DOI: 10.1186/s40538-016-0082-4. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqua, methanolic, acetone
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cardiac glycosides in leaves

Composition #3: Navaei, MN., Mirza, M., Dini, M. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Plumbago europaea L. roots from Iran . flavour and fragrance journal, 2005, vol. 20, no. 2, p. 213–214. DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1384. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

plumbagin (RF-00004000-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Reconstituted product (B007A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

69.1
Internal remarks:

plumbagin in roots

Composition #4: Navaei, MN., Mirza, M., Dini, M. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Plumbago europaea L. roots from Iran . flavour and fragrance journal, 2005, vol. 20, no. 2, p. 213–214. DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1384. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

Nonanal (RF-00008505-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Reconstituted product (B007A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.5
Internal remarks:

nonanal in roots

Composition #5: ALNURI, MA., HANNOUN, MA., ZATAR, NA., ABUEID, MA., ALJONDI, WJ., HUSSEIN, AI., ALISHTAYEH, MS. PLUMBAGIN, A NATURALLY-OCCURRING NAPHTHOQUINONE - ITS ISOLATION, SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION IN ROOTS, STEMS, AND LEAVES IN PLUMBAGO-EUROPAEA L . spectroscopy letters, 1994, vol. 27, no. 4, p. 409–416. DOI: 10.1080/00387019408007247. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol 95%
Substance:

plumbagin (RF-00004000-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

spectrophotometric determination
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.5
Internal remarks:

plumbagin in leaves

Composition #6: ALNURI, MA., HANNOUN, MA., ZATAR, NA., ABUEID, MA., ALJONDI, WJ., HUSSEIN, AI., ALISHTAYEH, MS. PLUMBAGIN, A NATURALLY-OCCURRING NAPHTHOQUINONE - ITS ISOLATION, SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION IN ROOTS, STEMS, AND LEAVES IN PLUMBAGO-EUROPAEA L . spectroscopy letters, 1994, vol. 27, no. 4, p. 409–416. DOI: 10.1080/00387019408007247. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol 95%
Substance:

plumbagin (RF-00004000-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

spectrophotometric determination
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.1
Internal remarks:

plumbagin in roots

Composition #7: ALNURI, MA., HANNOUN, MA., ZATAR, NA., ABUEID, MA., ALJONDI, WJ., HUSSEIN, AI., ALISHTAYEH, MS. PLUMBAGIN, A NATURALLY-OCCURRING NAPHTHOQUINONE - ITS ISOLATION, SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION IN ROOTS, STEMS, AND LEAVES IN PLUMBAGO-EUROPAEA L . spectroscopy letters, 1994, vol. 27, no. 4, p. 409–416. DOI: 10.1080/00387019408007247. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol 95%
Substance:

plumbagin (RF-00004000-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

spectrophotometric determination
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.56
Internal remarks:

plumbagin in stems