EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino

Family:: Araceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 3404
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

#1: harmane alkaloids in unspecified part #2: Harmine in unspecified part #3: Norharmane in unspecified part #4: Calcium oxalate in raphids #5: lariciresinol, isolariciresinol, erythro-guaiacylglycerol-beta-O-4'-sinapyl ether, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (lignans) in rhizhomes #6: coniferin in rhizhomes #7: (E)-p-coumaryl alcohol, 3, 4-dihydroxycinnamyl alcohol (2), sachaliside 1 in rhizhomes #8: Pinellia ternata agglutinin in tubers #9: Methyleugenol in tubers #10: Asaricin (myristicin) in tubers #11: Safrole in tubers

Endpoint Studies

#1: hepatotoxicity in mice

Genotoxicity

#1: Micronucleus Test in mice bone marrow cells

Composition #1: Tsuchiya, Hironori., Hayashi, Hideaki., Sato, Masaru., Shimizu, Hiroshi., Iinuma, Munekazu. Quantitative analysis of all types of β-carboline alkaloids in medicinal plants and dried edible plants by high performance liquid chromatography with selective fluorometric detection. phytochemical analysis, 1999, vol. 10, no. 5, p. 247–253. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetonitrile : trifluoroacetic acid : water
Substance:

harmane alkaloids (RF-00004301-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Nanogram/gram (G076A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

26.7 - 123
Internal remarks:

harmane alkaloids in unspecified part

Composition #2: Tsuchiya, Hironori., Hayashi, Hideaki., Sato, Masaru., Shimizu, Hiroshi., Iinuma, Munekazu. Quantitative analysis of all types of β-carboline alkaloids in medicinal plants and dried edible plants by high performance liquid chromatography with selective fluorometric detection. phytochemical analysis, 1999, vol. 10, no. 5, p. 247–253. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetonitrile : trifluoroacetic acid : water
Substance:

harmine (RF-00003854-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Nanogram/gram (G076A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

< 16.6
Internal remarks:

Harmine in unspecified part

Composition #3: Tsuchiya, Hironori., Hayashi, Hideaki., Sato, Masaru., Shimizu, Hiroshi., Iinuma, Munekazu. Quantitative analysis of all types of β-carboline alkaloids in medicinal plants and dried edible plants by high performance liquid chromatography with selective fluorometric detection. phytochemical analysis, 1999, vol. 10, no. 5, p. 247–253. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetonitrile : trifluoroacetic acid : water
Substance:

norharmane (RF-00003952-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Nanogram/gram (G076A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

17.6 - 96.2
Internal remarks:

Norharmane in unspecified part

Composition #4: Ge, Xiuyun., Wu, Hao. Analysis of composition of poisonous raphides in Araceae plant. yaowu fenxi zazhi, 2010, vol. 30, no. 2, p. 190–193. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Calcium oxalate (RF-00003960-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

86.73
Internal remarks:

Calcium oxalate in raphids

Composition #5: Han, Mei-hua., Yang, Xiu-wei., Zhong, Guo-yue., Zhang, Ming. Bioactive constituents inhibiting TNF-alpha production in fresh rhizome of Pinellia ternata . . zhongguo zhong yao za zhi = zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = china journal of chinese materia medica, 2007, vol. 32, no. 17, p. 1755–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

lignans (RF-00004361-PAR)
Additional substance description:

lariciresinol, isolariciresinol, erythro-guaiacylglycerol-beta-O-4'-sinapyl ether, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

lariciresinol, isolariciresinol, erythro-guaiacylglycerol-beta-O-4'-sinapyl ether, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (lignans) in rhizhomes

Composition #6: Han, Mei-hua., Yang, Xiu-wei., Zhong, Guo-yue., Zhang, Ming. Bioactive constituents inhibiting TNF-alpha production in fresh rhizome of Pinellia ternata . . zhongguo zhong yao za zhi = zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = china journal of chinese materia medica, 2007, vol. 32, no. 17, p. 1755–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Coniferin (RF-00011096-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

coniferin in rhizhomes

Composition #7: Han, Mei-hua., Yang, Xiu-wei., Zhong, Guo-yue., Zhang, Ming. Bioactive constituents inhibiting TNF-alpha production in fresh rhizome of Pinellia ternata . . zhongguo zhong yao za zhi = zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = china journal of chinese materia medica, 2007, vol. 32, no. 17, p. 1755–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

phenylpropanoids (RF-00004367-PAR)
Additional substance description:

(E)-p-coumaryl alcohol, 3, 4-dihydroxycinnamyl alcohol, sachaliside 1
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

(E)-p-coumaryl alcohol, 3, 4-dihydroxycinnamyl alcohol (2), sachaliside 1 in rhizhomes

Composition #8: Zhou, Wei., Gao, Yong., Xu, Shaowei., Yang, Zhili., Xu, Tao. Purification of a mannose-binding lectin Pinellia ternata agglutinin and its induction of apoptosis in Bel-7404 cells . protein expression and purification, 2014, vol. 93, p. 11–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.09.018. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ammonium sulfate
Substance:

Lectins (RF-00000439-ORG)
Additional substance description:

mannose-binding lectin Pinellia ternata agglutinin
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

35.5
Internal remarks:

Pinellia ternata agglutinin in tubers

Composition #9: Iwasa, Megumi., Iwasaki, Toshiki., Ono, Toshirou., Miyazawa, Mitsuo. Chemical Composition and Major Odor-Active Compounds of Essential Oil from PINELLIA TUBER (Dried Rhizome of Pinellia ternata) as Crude Drug . journal of oleo science, 2014, vol. 63, no. 2, p. 127–135. DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess13092. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

diethyl ether
Substance:

methyleugenol (RF-00003931-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6.2
Internal remarks:

Methyleugenol in tubers

Composition #10: Iwasa, Megumi., Iwasaki, Toshiki., Ono, Toshirou., Miyazawa, Mitsuo. Chemical Composition and Major Odor-Active Compounds of Essential Oil from PINELLIA TUBER (Dried Rhizome of Pinellia ternata) as Crude Drug . journal of oleo science, 2014, vol. 63, no. 2, p. 127–135. DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess13092. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

diethyl ether
Substance:

myristicin (RF-00003941-PAR)
Additional substance description:

asaricin
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.5
Internal remarks:

Asaricin (myristicin) in tubers

Composition #11: Iwasa, Megumi., Iwasaki, Toshiki., Ono, Toshirou., Miyazawa, Mitsuo. Chemical Composition and Major Odor-Active Compounds of Essential Oil from PINELLIA TUBER (Dried Rhizome of Pinellia ternata) as Crude Drug . journal of oleo science, 2014, vol. 63, no. 2, p. 127–135. DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess13092. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

diethyl ether
Substance:

Safrole (RF-00003651-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.7
Internal remarks:

Safrole in tubers

Endpoint study #1: Lim, Young-Kwon., Park, Ji-Ha., Seo, Bu-Il., Roh, Seong-Soo., Ku, Sae-Kwang. Single Oral Dose Toxicity Study of Pinelliae Rhizoma Aqueous Extract in ICR Mice . toxicological research, 2009, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 147–157. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Limit test:

Yes
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
Exposure duration:

14.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

40
Endpoint measured:

Lowest observed adverse effect level (CHD026EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

1000
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

a dose-dependent increases in the hepatic fatty change frequencies detected in Pinellia Rhizome extract 2000 and 1000mg/kg treated in both male and female mice.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

hepatotoxicity in mice

Genotox #1: 박지하. Micronucleus Test of Pinella Rhizoma Aqueous Extracts in Bone Marrow Cells of Male ICR Mice - In Vivo Genotoxicity . korea journal of oriental medicine, 2009, vol. 15, no. 3, p. 99–105. .

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

Mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test (CHD057TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

bone marrow (CHD045ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
Control groups used:

yes
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

Significant (p<0.01) increases of the numbers of polychromatic erythrocytes contain micronucleus in prepared bone marrow cells were detected in CPA and Pinellia Rhizome extracts 2000 mg/kg treated groups as compared with intact control
Internal remarks:

Micronucleus Test in mice bone marrow cells
Internal ID:

KJD:ART001415990