EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Physostigma venenosum Balf.

Family:: Fabaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 104
Number of processed references:: 3

Compositions

#1: Colchicin in seeds #2: physostigmine in seeds #3: eseramine in seeds #4: physovenine in seeds

Endpoint Studies

#1: mortality #2: motionless, flaccid, vomiting #3: abortion

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Ikpa, C. B. C., Johnbull, E. O. Isolation and characterization of Colchicine from Physostigma venenosum. iosr journal of applied chemistry, 2013, vol. 5, no. 6), 51-5, p. 4 pp. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Colchicin (RF-00000506-VET)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR, DEPT with IR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Colchicin in seeds

Composition #2: Salway, A.H. CCXLII. - Chemical examination of Calabar beans. journal of the chemical society, transactions, 1911, vol. 99, p. 2148–2159. DOI: 10.1039/CT9119902148. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum, ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, alcohol
Substance:

physostigmine (RF-00003994-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

crystallisation
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

physostigmine in seeds

Composition #3: Salway, A.H. CCXLII. - Chemical examination of Calabar beans. journal of the chemical society, transactions, 1911, vol. 99, p. 2148–2159. DOI: 10.1039/CT9119902148. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum, ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, alcohol
Substance:

eseramine (RF-00003804-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

crystallisation
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

eseramine in seeds

Composition #4: Salway, A.H. CCXLII. - Chemical examination of Calabar beans. journal of the chemical society, transactions, 1911, vol. 99, p. 2148–2159. DOI: 10.1039/CT9119902148. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum, ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, alcohol
Substance:

physovenine (RF-00003995-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

crystallisation
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

physovenine in seeds

Endpoint study #1: Proudfoot, Alex. The early toxicology of physostigmine: a tale of beans, great men and egos. . toxicological reviews, 2006, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 99–138. DOI: 10.2165/00139709-200625020-00004. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NOT REPORTED (TOX17A)
Effect description:

mortality
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

mortality

Endpoint study #2: Proudfoot, Alex. The early toxicology of physostigmine: a tale of beans, great men and egos. . toxicological reviews, 2006, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 99–138. DOI: 10.2165/00139709-200625020-00004. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

11
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Exemplar/sample (G197A)
Effect concentration:

1-6
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

motionless, flaccid, vomiting
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mobility (CHD011BE)
Internal remarks:

motionless, flaccid, vomiting

Endpoint study #3: Proudfoot, Alex. The early toxicology of physostigmine: a tale of beans, great men and egos. . toxicological reviews, 2006, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 99–138. DOI: 10.2165/00139709-200625020-00004. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Uterus (TT052A)
Effect description:

abortion
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

abortion