Language:

English (en)

Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)

Substance:

Estragole (RF-00003806-PAR)

Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)

Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)

Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)

Internal remarks:

Estragol in unspecified plant part

Study relevance:

Human health

Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)

Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)

Additional plant/substance description:

water

Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)

Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)

Strain of test organism:

Swiss (CHD005ST)

Sex:

Female

Exposure duration:

83.0

Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)

Control groups used:

yes, plain diet

Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)

Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)

Effect concentration:

20

Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)

Target tissue:

Urogenital (TT006A)

Effect description:

Significant decrease in the number of normal embryos, increase in degenerated embryos, and delayed embryo development.

Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)

Internal remarks:

Reproductive toxicity - Significant decrease in the number of normal embryos, increase in degenerated embryos, and delayed embryo development.

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health

Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)

Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)

Tested organism:

Rabbit (as animal) (A057T)

Sex:

Male

Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)

Number of organisms dosed:

20

Control groups used:

no

Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)

Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)

Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)

Effect description:

Rabbits showed weakness, anorexia, depression, dullness, dysponea and mortality after eating leaves. Heart - pericardium was filled with fluid, liver - swollen with rounded edges and congestion giving a dark red colour. Gall bladder - distended with bile

Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)

Internal remarks:

Rabbits showed weakness, anorexia, depression, dullness, dysponea and mortality. Heart - pericardium was filled with fluid Liver - swelling with rounded edges and congestion giving a dark red colour. Gall bladder - distended with bile

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health

Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)

Additional plant/substance description:

leaves, green fruit, seed, bark

Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)

Tested organism:

Horse (as animal) (A0B9Z)

Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)

Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)

Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)

Effect description:

heart failure (respiratory distress, coughing, increased respiratory and heart rates, cardiac arrhythmias, anasarca of the ventral neck and brisket and cyanotic mucous membranes), anorexia, general weakness and recumbency

Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)

Internal remarks:

Horses poisoned by avocado leaves, green fruit, seed or bark

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health

Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)

Tested organism:

Dog (as animal) (A0CNL)

Sex:

No data

Number of organisms dosed:

2

Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)

Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)

Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)

Effect description:

mortality linked to acute cardiomyopathy

Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)

Internal remarks:

Mortality in dogs linked to acute cardiomyopathy

Study relevance:

Human health

Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)

Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)

Additional plant/substance description:

aqueous extract

Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)

Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)

Sex:

Male

Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)

Exposure duration:

28.0

Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)

Number of organisms dosed:

24

Control groups used:

yes, sham-exposed

Endpoint measured:

Critical study not identified (CHD037EP)

Concentration unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)

Effect concentration:

2-10

Critical effect:

NONE (TOX14A)

Effect description:

slight reduction in weight and fluid intake was significantly higher in the treated groups compared to the controls, no obvious external symptoms of toxicity

Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

organ weights (CHD012BE)

Internal remarks:

Sub-Acute toxicity in rats at 10 g/kg showed a slight reduction in weight and fluid intake was significantly higher in the treated groups compared to the controls

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health

Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)

Additional plant/substance description:

freshly cut leaves

Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)

Tested organism:

Rabbit (as animal) (A057T)

Sex:

No data

Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)

Number of organisms dosed:

14

Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)

Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)

Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)

Effect description:

Five of the rabbits were found dead the next morning. The remaining rabbits showed signs of weakness, anorexia, depression, dullness and dyspnea. Later, all rabbits became comatose and finally died.

Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)

Internal remarks:

Mortality in rabbits - 1. Necropsy revealed generalized congestion, pulmonary oedema, pleural and pericardial effusions, and slight ascites 2. Hearts were flabby and markedly pale 3. The liver kidney and stomach were congested and showed necrotic pale areas demarcated from the unaffected region. 4. Histopathological examination occasionally revealed a mild neutrophil and macrophage reaction. 5. Five of the rabbits were found dead the next morning.

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health

Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)

Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)

Tested organism:

Goat (as animal) (A057P)

Sex:

No data

Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)

Number of organisms dosed:

15

Control groups used:

no data

Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)

Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)

Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Blood Coagulation (TT010A)

Effect description:

tachycardia, hyperpnoea and evidence of lung oedema, 3 goats died, Haematological examinations demonstrated a leucocytosis due to an increase in both mature and immature neutrophils.

Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)

Internal remarks:

Mortality in goats - tachycardia, hyperpnoea and evidence of lung oedema, 3 goats died, increase in both mature and immature neutrophils.

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health

Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)

Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)

Tested organism:

Bird (as animal) (A057X)

Sex:

No data

Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)

Number of organisms dosed:

120

Control groups used:

no data

Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)

Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)

Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)

Effect description:

listlessness, dyspnoea, anasarca along the neck, ventral abdomen and thighs, pulmonary congestion, oedema and haemorrhage, moderate nephrosis and cardiomyopathy, infiltration of heterophils. 8 ostriches died, 1 euthanised after developing symptoms.

Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)

Internal remarks:

listlessness, dyspnoea, anasarca along the neck, ventral abdomen and thighs, pulmonary congestion, oedema and haemorrhage, moderate nephrosis and cardiomyopathy, infiltration of heterophils. Eight ostriches died, one euthanised after developing similar symptoms.

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health

Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)

Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)

Tested organism:

Bird (as animal) (A057X)

Sex:

Female

Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)

Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)

Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)

Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)

Effect description:

Cardiomyopathy, granularity of sarkoplasm, karyopyknosis, infiltration of heterophils and proliferation of macrophages in hearts, mild nephrosis and fatty livers

Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

morphology (CHD013BE)

Internal remarks:

Cardiomyopathy, granularity of sarkoplasm, karyopyknosis, infiltration of heterophils and proliferation of macrophages in hearts, mild nephrosis and fatty livers in hens

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health

Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)

Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)

Tested organism:

Bird (as animal) (A057X)

Sex:

No data

Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)

Number of organisms dosed:

4

Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)

Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)

Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)

Effect description:

Cardiomyopathy, listlessness, severe hydropericardium, oedema of the pericardium, proventriculus, proliferation of fibroblasts, macrophages and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, mild nephrosis and pulmonary congestion, anasarca and death

Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)

Internal remarks:

Cardiomyopathy, listlessness, severe hydropericardium, oedema of the pericardium, proventriculus, proliferation of fibroblasts, macrophages and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, mild nephrosis and pulmonary congestion, anasarca and death in ostriches

Study category:

Genotoxicity

Type of toxicological test:

in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test (CHD032TT)

Method type:

in vitro

Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)

Strain of test organism:

lymphocytes (CHD036ST)

Sex:

No data

Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

no data

Exposure duration for in vivo:

100.0

Unit of exposure duration:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)

Control groups used:

yes

Endpoint measured:

chromosome aberration

Is genotoxic:

Positive

Remarks on genotox study:

Lymphocytes exposed to leaf exctract showed all types of aberrations (mean % of aberr. 58 ± 7.05, 72 ± 6.41, and 78 ± 5.98 for 100,200,300 mg/kg respectively) as well as groups exposed to fruit extracts at same concentration (18 ± 5.49, 40 ± 10.00, and 52 ± 10.20).

Internal remarks:

Lymphocytes cell groups exposed to leaf extract showed all types of aberrations (mean % of aberr. 58 ± 7.05, 72 ± 6.41, and 78 ± 5.98 for 100,200,300 mg/kg respectively) as well as groups exposed to fruit extracts at same concentration (18 ± 5.49, 40 ± 10.00, and 52 ± 10.20), which was significantly higher (p = 0.033, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively) than that for control (6 ± 3.39).

Internal ID:

WOS:000282026700002