EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Pelargonium sidoides DC.

Family:: Geraniaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 396
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: elemicin in leaves #2: methyleugenol in leaves #3: Umckalin, 7-Acetoxy-5,6-dimethoxycoumarin, 5,6,7-Trimethoxycoumarin, 6,7,8-Trihydroxycoumarin, 6,8-Dihydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin, 6,8-Dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin, artelin, 8-Hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxycoumarin in roots #4: gallic acid in aerial parts and roots #5: Gallic acid methyl ester, gallic acid ethyl ester in roots #6: Gallocatechin in roots #7: Protocatechuic acid in aerial parts #8: Glucogallin in roots #9: Proanthocyanidins in roots #10: Scopoletin in aerial parts and roots #11: Coumarin glycosides (Magnolioside, Isofraxoside, Umckalin-7-b-D-glucoside) in roots #12: Coumarins (Umckalin, 6,8-Dihydroxy-5,7- dimethoxycoumarin, Fraxetin-7-b-D-glucoside, Magnolioside, 6,7-Dihydroxycoumarin-8- sulfate) in aerial parts #13: Fraxetin in aerial parts and roots #14: epigallocatechin in roots #15: tannins in roots

Endpoint Studies

#1: Liver and kidney toxicity #2: Cardiovascular toxicity #3: Dermatologic toxicity #4: Ocular toxicity #5: Respiratory toxicity #6: (mild adverse event) - diarrhoea and intestinal upset in human #7: (moderately severe adverse event) - haemorrhage, circulation failure in humans #8: (moderately severe adverse event) - coma, respiratory arrest, tachycardia in humans #9: cytotoxic concentration

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Kayser, O., Latte, K., Kolodziej, H., Hammerschmidt, FJ. Composition of the essential oils of pelargonium sidoides DC. and Pelargonium reniforme Curt. . flavour and fragrance journal, 1998, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 209–212. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199805/06)13:3<209::AID-FFJ731>3.0.CO;2-U. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

elemicin (RF-00003787-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.6
Internal remarks:

elemicin in leaves

Composition #2: Kayser, O., Latte, K., Kolodziej, H., Hammerschmidt, FJ. Composition of the essential oils of pelargonium sidoides DC. and Pelargonium reniforme Curt. . flavour and fragrance journal, 1998, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 209–212. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199805/06)13:3<209::AID-FFJ731>3.0.CO;2-U. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

methyleugenol (RF-00003931-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.3
Internal remarks:

methyleugenol in leaves

Composition #3: Kolodziej, Herbert. Fascinating metabolic pools of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme, traditional and phytomedicinal sources of the herbal medicine Umckaloabo (R) . phytomedicine, 2007, vol. 14, p. 9–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.11.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone and methanol
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Umckalin, 7-Acetoxy-5,6-dimethoxycoumarin, 5,6,7-Trimethoxycoumarin, 6,7,8-Trihydroxycoumarin, 6,8-Dihydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin, 6,8-Dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin, artelin, 8-Hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxycoumarin
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Umckalin, 7-Acetoxy-5,6-dimethoxycoumarin, 5,6,7-Trimethoxycoumarin, 6,7,8-Trihydroxycoumarin, 6,8-Dihydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin, 6,8-Dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin, artelin, 8-Hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxycoumarin in roots

Composition #4: Kolodziej, Herbert. Fascinating metabolic pools of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme, traditional and phytomedicinal sources of the herbal medicine Umckaloabo (R) . phytomedicine, 2007, vol. 14, p. 9–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.11.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone and methanol (aerial parts and roots)
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

gallic acid in aerial parts and roots

Composition #5: Kolodziej, Herbert. Fascinating metabolic pools of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme, traditional and phytomedicinal sources of the herbal medicine Umckaloabo (R) . phytomedicine, 2007, vol. 14, p. 9–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.11.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone and methanol
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Gallic acid methyl ester, gallic acid ethyl ester
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Gallic acid methyl ester, gallic acid ethyl ester in roots

Composition #6: Kolodziej, Herbert. Fascinating metabolic pools of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme, traditional and phytomedicinal sources of the herbal medicine Umckaloabo (R) . phytomedicine, 2007, vol. 14, p. 9–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.11.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone and methanol
Substance:

gallocatechin (RF-00003822-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Gallocatechin in roots

Composition #7: Kolodziej, Herbert. Fascinating metabolic pools of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme, traditional and phytomedicinal sources of the herbal medicine Umckaloabo (R) . phytomedicine, 2007, vol. 14, p. 9–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.11.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone and methanol aerial parts
Substance:

3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (RF-00008853-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Protocatechuic acid in aerial parts

Composition #8: Kolodziej, Herbert. Fascinating metabolic pools of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme, traditional and phytomedicinal sources of the herbal medicine Umckaloabo (R) . phytomedicine, 2007, vol. 14, p. 9–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.11.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone and methanol
Substance:

beta-glucogallin (RF-00010971-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Glucogallin
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Glucogallin in roots

Composition #9: Kolodziej, Herbert. Fascinating metabolic pools of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme, traditional and phytomedicinal sources of the herbal medicine Umckaloabo (R) . phytomedicine, 2007, vol. 14, p. 9–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.11.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone and methanol
Substance:

Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) (RF-00004370-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Proanthocyanidins in roots

Composition #10: Kolodziej, Herbert. Fascinating metabolic pools of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme, traditional and phytomedicinal sources of the herbal medicine Umckaloabo (R) . phytomedicine, 2007, vol. 14, p. 9–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.11.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone and methanol (in aerial parts and roots)
Substance:

scopoletin (RF-00004048-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Scopoletin in aerial parts and roots

Composition #11: Kolodziej, Herbert. Fascinating metabolic pools of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme, traditional and phytomedicinal sources of the herbal medicine Umckaloabo (R) . phytomedicine, 2007, vol. 14, p. 9–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.11.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone and methanol
Substance:

Coumarin glycosides Coumarin glycosides (RF-00000810-VET)
Additional substance description:

Magnolioside, Isofraxoside, Umckalin-7-b-D-glucoside
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coumarin glycosides (Magnolioside, Isofraxoside, Umckalin-7-b-D-glucoside) in roots

Composition #12: Kolodziej, Herbert. Fascinating metabolic pools of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme, traditional and phytomedicinal sources of the herbal medicine Umckaloabo (R) . phytomedicine, 2007, vol. 14, p. 9–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.11.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone and methanol
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Umckalin, 6,8-Dihydroxy-5,7- dimethoxycoumarin, Fraxetin-7-b-D-glucoside, Magnolioside, 6,7-Dihydroxycoumarin-8- sulfate
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coumarins (Umckalin, 6,8-Dihydroxy-5,7- dimethoxycoumarin, Fraxetin-7-b-D-glucoside, Magnolioside, 6,7-Dihydroxycoumarin-8- sulfate) in aerial parts

Composition #13: Kolodziej, Herbert. Fascinating metabolic pools of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme, traditional and phytomedicinal sources of the herbal medicine Umckaloabo (R) . phytomedicine, 2007, vol. 14, p. 9–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.11.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone and methanol (aerial parts and roots)
Substance:

Fraxetin (RF-00010996-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Fraxetin in aerial parts and roots

Composition #14: Mativandlela, Sannah Patience Nkami., Meyer, Jacobus Johannes Marion., Hussein, Ahmed A., Lall, Namrita. Antitubercular activity of compounds isolated from Pelargonium sidoides. pharmaceutical biology, 2007, vol. 45, no. 8, p. 645–650. DOI: 10.1080/13880200701538716. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol + methanol + butanol
Substance:

epigallocatechins (RF-00010812-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

epigallocatechin in roots

Composition #15: Moteetee, A., Kose, L. Seleteng. Medicinal plants used in Lesotho for treatment of reproductive and post reproductive problems . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2016, vol. 194, p. 827–849. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.062. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tannins in roots

Endpoint study #1: Ulbricht, Catherine., Abrams, Tracee Rae., Conquer, Julie., Costa, Dawn., Serrano, Jill M. Grimes., Iovin, Ramon., Isaac, Richard., Nguyen, Yen., Rusie, Erica., Tran, Diem., Weissner, Wendy., Windsor, Regina C. An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Umckaloabo (Pelargonium sidoides) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration . journal of dietary supplements, 2010, vol. 7, no. 3, p. 283–302. DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2010.507116. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Lethal dose rate in 50% of experimental organisms (CHD029EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

275
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

coumarin is moderately toxic to the liver and kidneys, with an LD50 of 275 mg/kg
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

Liver and kidney toxicity

Endpoint study #2: Ulbricht, Catherine., Abrams, Tracee Rae., Conquer, Julie., Costa, Dawn., Serrano, Jill M. Grimes., Iovin, Ramon., Isaac, Richard., Nguyen, Yen., Rusie, Erica., Tran, Diem., Weissner, Wendy., Windsor, Regina C. An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Umckaloabo (Pelargonium sidoides) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration . journal of dietary supplements, 2010, vol. 7, no. 3, p. 283–302. DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2010.507116. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

50
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

Cardiovascular / Haematological (TT001A)
Effect description:

a division of the WHO, received a total of 50 case reports of suspected adverse reactions to umckaloabo, including tachycardia or circulatory failure
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

Cardiovascular toxicity

Endpoint study #3: Ulbricht, Catherine., Abrams, Tracee Rae., Conquer, Julie., Costa, Dawn., Serrano, Jill M. Grimes., Iovin, Ramon., Isaac, Richard., Nguyen, Yen., Rusie, Erica., Tran, Diem., Weissner, Wendy., Windsor, Regina C. An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Umckaloabo (Pelargonium sidoides) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration . journal of dietary supplements, 2010, vol. 7, no. 3, p. 283–302. DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2010.507116. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

50
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Other toxicities (TOX19A)
Target tissue:

Skin/subcutis (TT056A)
Effect description:

a division of the WHO, received a total of 50 case reports of suspected adverse reactions to umckaloabo. The majority were skin-related (i.e., skin rashes with itching)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

Dermatologic toxicity

Endpoint study #4: Ulbricht, Catherine., Abrams, Tracee Rae., Conquer, Julie., Costa, Dawn., Serrano, Jill M. Grimes., Iovin, Ramon., Isaac, Richard., Nguyen, Yen., Rusie, Erica., Tran, Diem., Weissner, Wendy., Windsor, Regina C. An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Umckaloabo (Pelargonium sidoides) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration . journal of dietary supplements, 2010, vol. 7, no. 3, p. 283–302. DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2010.507116. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

50
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Other toxicities (TOX19A)
Effect description:

a division of the WHO, received a total of 50 case reports of suspected adverse reactions to umckaloabo, including conjunctivitis
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

Ocular toxicity

Endpoint study #5: Ulbricht, Catherine., Abrams, Tracee Rae., Conquer, Julie., Costa, Dawn., Serrano, Jill M. Grimes., Iovin, Ramon., Isaac, Richard., Nguyen, Yen., Rusie, Erica., Tran, Diem., Weissner, Wendy., Windsor, Regina C. An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Umckaloabo (Pelargonium sidoides) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration . journal of dietary supplements, 2010, vol. 7, no. 3, p. 283–302. DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2010.507116. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

50
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

Respiratory (TT005A)
Effect description:

a division of the WHO, received a total of 50 case reports of suspected adverse reactions to umckaloabo, including bronchospasm or dyspnea
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

Respiratory toxicity

Endpoint study #6: Posadzki, Paul., Watson, Leala K., Ernst, Edzard. Adverse effects of herbal medicines: an overview of systematic reviews. clinical medicine, 2013, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 7–12. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Type of toxicological test:

other (CHD008TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

(mild adverse event) - diarrhoea and intestinal upset
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

(mild adverse event) - diarrhoea and intestinal upset in human

Endpoint study #7: Posadzki, Paul., Watson, Leala K., Ernst, Edzard. Adverse effects of herbal medicines: an overview of systematic reviews. clinical medicine, 2013, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 7–12. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Type of toxicological test:

other (CHD008TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

HEMOPOIETIC (TOX10A)
Target tissue:

Cardiovascular / Haematological (TT001A)
Effect description:

(moderately severe adverse event) - haemorrhage, circulation failure
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

(moderately severe adverse event) - haemorrhage, circulation failure in humans

Endpoint study #8: Posadzki, Paul., Watson, Leala K., Ernst, Edzard. Adverse effects of herbal medicines: an overview of systematic reviews. clinical medicine, 2013, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 7–12. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Type of toxicological test:

other (CHD008TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

Cardiovascular / Haematological (TT001A)
Effect description:

(moderately severe adverse event) - coma, respiratory arrest, tachycardia
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

(moderately severe adverse event) - coma, respiratory arrest, tachycardia in humans

Endpoint study #9: Moteetee, A., Kose, L. Seleteng. Medicinal plants used in Lesotho for treatment of reproductive and post reproductive problems . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2016, vol. 194, p. 827–849. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.062. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

No data
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Effect concentration:

557
Critical effect:

Other toxicities (TOX19A)
Effect description:

The half maximal cytotoxic concentration of EPs 7630 (CC50) of 557 lg/ml
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

cytotoxic concentration