EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Peganum harmala L.

Family:: Nitrariaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1420
Number of processed references:: 9

Endpoint Studies

#1: carboline alkaloid intoxication - case report #2: case report - seed - alkaloids

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Frison, Giampietro., Favretto, Donata., Zancanaro, Flavio., Fazzin, Giorgio., Ferrara, Santo Davide. A case of beta-carboline alkaloid intoxication following ingestion of Peganum harmala seed extract. . forensic science international, 2008, vol. 179, no. 2-3, p. e37–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.05.003. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

infusion
Substance:

harmine (RF-00003854-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Analytical method - additional description:

LC with internal standards, GC-MS
Result unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

7.2
Internal remarks:

harmine

Composition #2: Frison, Giampietro., Favretto, Donata., Zancanaro, Flavio., Fazzin, Giorgio., Ferrara, Santo Davide. A case of beta-carboline alkaloid intoxication following ingestion of Peganum harmala seed extract. . forensic science international, 2008, vol. 179, no. 2-3, p. e37–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.05.003. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

infusion
Substance:

harmaline (RF-00003851-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Analytical method - additional description:

LC with internal standards, GC-MS
Result unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

12
Internal remarks:

harmaline

Composition #3: Benbott, A., Bahri, L., Boubendir, A., Yahia, A. Study of the chemical components of Peganum harmala and evaluation of acute toxicityof alkaloids extracted in the Wistar albino mice. journal of materials and environmental science, 2013, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 558–565. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

diethyl ether and ethanol extract
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

titrated with potassium hydroxide KOH
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids

Composition #4: Benbott, A., Bahri, L., Boubendir, A., Yahia, A. Study of the chemical components of Peganum harmala and evaluation of acute toxicityof alkaloids extracted in the Wistar albino mice. journal of materials and environmental science, 2013, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 558–565. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqueous and ethanol extract
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

ferric chloride. The appearance of a dark green color or blue-green indicates the presence of tannins
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tannins

Composition #5: Sassoui, D., Seridi, R., Azin, K., Usai, M. Evaluation of phytochemical constituents by GC-MS and antidepressant activity of Peganum harmala L. seeds extract. asian pacific journal of tropical disease, 2015, vol. 5, no. 12, p. 971–974. DOI: 10.1016/S2222-1808(15)60967-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol extract
Substance:

harmine (RF-00003854-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

38.44
Internal remarks:

harmine - seed

Composition #6: Sassoui, D., Seridi, R., Azin, K., Usai, M. Evaluation of phytochemical constituents by GC-MS and antidepressant activity of Peganum harmala L. seeds extract. asian pacific journal of tropical disease, 2015, vol. 5, no. 12, p. 971–974. DOI: 10.1016/S2222-1808(15)60967-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol extract
Substance:

harmaline (RF-00003851-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

48.009
Internal remarks:

harmaline - seed

Composition #7: Sassoui, D., Seridi, R., Azin, K., Usai, M. Evaluation of phytochemical constituents by GC-MS and antidepressant activity of Peganum harmala L. seeds extract. asian pacific journal of tropical disease, 2015, vol. 5, no. 12, p. 971–974. DOI: 10.1016/S2222-1808(15)60967-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol extract
Substance:

carboline alkaloids (RF-00004384-PAR)
Additional substance description:

tetrahydroharmine, tetrahydroharman, 6-methoxytetrahydro-1-norharmanone
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

8.631
Internal remarks:

carboline alkaloids -tetrahydroharmine, tetrahydroharman, 6-methoxytetrahydro-1-norharmanone - seed

Composition #8: Kartal, M., Altun, ML., Kurucu, S. HPLC method for the analysis of harmol, harmalol, harmine and harmaline in the seeds of Peganum harmala L. . journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2003, vol. 31, no. 2, p. 263–269. DOI: 10.1016/S0731-7085(02)00568-X. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

harmaline (RF-00003851-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

486.481-491.507
Internal remarks:

harmaline- seed

Composition #9: Kartal, M., Altun, ML., Kurucu, S. HPLC method for the analysis of harmol, harmalol, harmine and harmaline in the seeds of Peganum harmala L. . journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2003, vol. 31, no. 2, p. 263–269. DOI: 10.1016/S0731-7085(02)00568-X. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

harmine (RF-00003854-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

379.712-381.88
Internal remarks:

harmine - seed

Composition #10: Kartal, M., Altun, ML., Kurucu, S. HPLC method for the analysis of harmol, harmalol, harmine and harmaline in the seeds of Peganum harmala L. . journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2003, vol. 31, no. 2, p. 263–269. DOI: 10.1016/S0731-7085(02)00568-X. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Harmol (RF-00011120-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

874.511-875.439
Internal remarks:

harmol - seed

Composition #11: Herraiz, T., Gonzalez, D., Ancin-Azpilicueta, C., Aran, V. J., Guillen, H. beta-Carboline alkaloids in Peganum harmala and inhibition of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) . food and chemical toxicology, 2010, vol. 48, no. 3, p. 839–845. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Additional extraction description:

green fruit
Substance:

Harmalol (RF-00011121-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.03-5.31
Internal remarks:

harmalol - fruit

Composition #12: Herraiz, T., Gonzalez, D., Ancin-Azpilicueta, C., Aran, V. J., Guillen, H. beta-Carboline alkaloids in Peganum harmala and inhibition of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) . food and chemical toxicology, 2010, vol. 48, no. 3, p. 839–845. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Substance:

Harmol (RF-00011120-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

11.9-16.3
Internal remarks:

harmol - root

Composition #13: Herraiz, T., Gonzalez, D., Ancin-Azpilicueta, C., Aran, V. J., Guillen, H. beta-Carboline alkaloids in Peganum harmala and inhibition of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) . food and chemical toxicology, 2010, vol. 48, no. 3, p. 839–845. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Substance:

Harmol (RF-00011120-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.01-0.19
Internal remarks:

harmol - stem

Composition #14: Herraiz, T., Gonzalez, D., Ancin-Azpilicueta, C., Aran, V. J., Guillen, H. beta-Carboline alkaloids in Peganum harmala and inhibition of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) . food and chemical toxicology, 2010, vol. 48, no. 3, p. 839–845. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Harmalol (RF-00011121-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5.64-6.42
Internal remarks:

harmalol - seed

Composition #15: Herraiz, T., Gonzalez, D., Ancin-Azpilicueta, C., Aran, V. J., Guillen, H. beta-Carboline alkaloids in Peganum harmala and inhibition of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) . food and chemical toxicology, 2010, vol. 48, no. 3, p. 839–845. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Harmol (RF-00011120-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.023-0.037
Internal remarks:

harmol - seed

Composition #16: Herraiz, T., Gonzalez, D., Ancin-Azpilicueta, C., Aran, V. J., Guillen, H. beta-Carboline alkaloids in Peganum harmala and inhibition of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) . food and chemical toxicology, 2010, vol. 48, no. 3, p. 839–845. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Substance:

Harmalol (RF-00011121-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0-0.18
Internal remarks:

harmalol - stem

Composition #17: Herraiz, T., Gonzalez, D., Ancin-Azpilicueta, C., Aran, V. J., Guillen, H. beta-Carboline alkaloids in Peganum harmala and inhibition of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) . food and chemical toxicology, 2010, vol. 48, no. 3, p. 839–845. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Substance:

Harmalol (RF-00011121-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.6-2.46
Internal remarks:

harmalol - root

Composition #18: Herraiz, T., Gonzalez, D., Ancin-Azpilicueta, C., Aran, V. J., Guillen, H. beta-Carboline alkaloids in Peganum harmala and inhibition of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) . food and chemical toxicology, 2010, vol. 48, no. 3, p. 839–845. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

harmaline (RF-00003851-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

53.72-58.28
Internal remarks:

harmaline - seed

Composition #19: Herraiz, T., Gonzalez, D., Ancin-Azpilicueta, C., Aran, V. J., Guillen, H. beta-Carboline alkaloids in Peganum harmala and inhibition of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) . food and chemical toxicology, 2010, vol. 48, no. 3, p. 839–845. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Additional extraction description:

green fruit
Substance:

harmaline (RF-00003851-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.53-4.57
Internal remarks:

harmaline - fruit

Composition #20: Lamchouri, Fatima., Zemzami, Mustapha., Jossang, Akino., Settaf, Abdellatif., Israili, Zafar H., Lyoussi, Badiaa. Cytotoxicity of alkaloids isolated from Peganum harmala seeds. pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2013, vol. 26, no. 4, p. 699–706. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

vasicinone (RF-00004098-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

vasicinone-seed

Composition #21: Lamchouri, Fatima., Zemzami, Mustapha., Jossang, Akino., Settaf, Abdellatif., Israili, Zafar H., Lyoussi, Badiaa. Cytotoxicity of alkaloids isolated from Peganum harmala seeds. pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2013, vol. 26, no. 4, p. 699–706. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

peganine (RF-00003980-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

peganine-seed

Composition #22: Lamchouri, Fatima., Zemzami, Mustapha., Jossang, Akino., Settaf, Abdellatif., Israili, Zafar H., Lyoussi, Badiaa. Cytotoxicity of alkaloids isolated from Peganum harmala seeds. pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2013, vol. 26, no. 4, p. 699–706. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

carboline alkaloids (RF-00004384-PAR)
Additional substance description:

harmalacidine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

carboline alkaloids - harmalacidine-seed

Composition #23: Lamchouri, Fatima., Zemzami, Mustapha., Jossang, Akino., Settaf, Abdellatif., Israili, Zafar H., Lyoussi, Badiaa. Cytotoxicity of alkaloids isolated from Peganum harmala seeds. pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2013, vol. 26, no. 4, p. 699–706. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

harmine (RF-00003854-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

harmine-seed

Composition #24: Tascon, Marcos., Benavente, Fernando., Vizioli, Nora M., Gagliardi, Leonardo G. A rapid and simple method for the determination of psychoactive alkaloids by CE-UV: application to Peganum Harmala seed infusions . drug testing and analysis, 2017, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 596–602. DOI: 10.1002/dta.1989. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

infusion
Substance:

Harmol (RF-00011120-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

15.7-17.1
Internal remarks:

harmol - seed

Composition #25: Tascon, Marcos., Benavente, Fernando., Vizioli, Nora M., Gagliardi, Leonardo G. A rapid and simple method for the determination of psychoactive alkaloids by CE-UV: application to Peganum Harmala seed infusions . drug testing and analysis, 2017, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 596–602. DOI: 10.1002/dta.1989. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

infusion
Substance:

harmine (RF-00003854-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

23.9-24.7
Internal remarks:

harmine - seed

Composition #26: Tascon, Marcos., Benavente, Fernando., Vizioli, Nora M., Gagliardi, Leonardo G. A rapid and simple method for the determination of psychoactive alkaloids by CE-UV: application to Peganum Harmala seed infusions . drug testing and analysis, 2017, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 596–602. DOI: 10.1002/dta.1989. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

infusion
Substance:

harmaline (RF-00003851-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

51-55
Internal remarks:

harmaline - seed

Composition #27: Herraiz, Tomas., Guillen, Hugo., Aran, Vicente J., Salgado, Antonio. Identification, occurrence and activity of quinazoline alkaloids in Peganum harmala . food and chemical toxicology, 2017, vol. 103, p. 261–269. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.010. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

peganine (RF-00003980-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.9-26.1
Internal remarks:

peganine - fruit

Composition #28: Herraiz, Tomas., Guillen, Hugo., Aran, Vicente J., Salgado, Antonio. Identification, occurrence and activity of quinazoline alkaloids in Peganum harmala . food and chemical toxicology, 2017, vol. 103, p. 261–269. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.010. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

peganine (RF-00003980-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.7-1.7
Internal remarks:

peganine - stem

Composition #29: Herraiz, Tomas., Guillen, Hugo., Aran, Vicente J., Salgado, Antonio. Identification, occurrence and activity of quinazoline alkaloids in Peganum harmala . food and chemical toxicology, 2017, vol. 103, p. 261–269. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.010. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

peganine (RF-00003980-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.8-2.8
Internal remarks:

peganine - root

Composition #30: Herraiz, Tomas., Guillen, Hugo., Aran, Vicente J., Salgado, Antonio. Identification, occurrence and activity of quinazoline alkaloids in Peganum harmala . food and chemical toxicology, 2017, vol. 103, p. 261–269. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.010. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

peganine (RF-00003980-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10.2-11.6
Internal remarks:

peganine - leaves

Composition #31: Herraiz, Tomas., Guillen, Hugo., Aran, Vicente J., Salgado, Antonio. Identification, occurrence and activity of quinazoline alkaloids in Peganum harmala . food and chemical toxicology, 2017, vol. 103, p. 261–269. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.010. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

peganine (RF-00003980-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

7.9-11.3
Internal remarks:

peganine - seed

Composition #32: Herraiz, Tomas., Guillen, Hugo., Aran, Vicente J., Salgado, Antonio. Identification, occurrence and activity of quinazoline alkaloids in Peganum harmala . food and chemical toxicology, 2017, vol. 103, p. 261–269. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.010. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

peganine (RF-00003980-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10.3-28.7
Internal remarks:

peganine - flower

Endpoint study #1: Frison, Giampietro., Favretto, Donata., Zancanaro, Flavio., Fazzin, Giorgio., Ferrara, Santo Davide. A case of beta-carboline alkaloid intoxication following ingestion of Peganum harmala seed extract. . forensic science international, 2008, vol. 179, no. 2-3, p. e37–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.05.003. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

carboline alkaloids (RF-00004384-PAR)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water extract
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

visual and auditory hallucinations, locomotor ataxia, nausea, vomiting
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

carboline alkaloid intoxication - case report

Endpoint study #2: Berdai, Mohamed Adnane., Labib, Smael., Harandou, Mustapha. Peganum harmala L. Intoxication in a Pregnant Woman.. case reports in emergency medicine, 2014, vol. 2014, p. 783236–783236. DOI: 10.1155/2014/783236. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional plant/substance description:

beta-carboline and quinazoline alkaloids
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEPHROTOXICITY (TOX03A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Kidneys (TT046A)
Effect description:

renal failure and a liver injury,disturbance of consciousness, uterine contraction, and oliguria, cerebellar ataxia and peripheral polyneuropathy., Fetal death occurred in utero two days after admission
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

urinalysis (CHD029BE)
Internal remarks:

case report - seed - alkaloids