EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Paris quadrifolia L.

Family:: Melanthiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 164
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: lectins in roots #2: pennogenyl saponins in rhizomes #3: steroidal saponins in rhizomes #4: Steroidal saponins in whole plant #5: pennogenin and pennogenin glycosides in whole plant

Endpoint Studies

#1: About 5 fruits may induce digestive troubles, with nervous and cardiac problem.

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Stoika, R.S., Antonyuk, V.O., Yakymovych, I.A., Yakymovych, M.Y.A., Korchynsky, O.G., Preobrazhenska, O.V., Stasyk, T.V., Kashtchak, N.I., Lutsik, M.D. Tumor cell response to cytotoxic lectins and heat shock in vitro: Study of possible involvement of transforming growth factor β1. international journal of medicine, biology and the environment, 2000, vol. 28, no. 1, p. 65–69. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Lectins (RF-00000439-ORG)
Additional substance description:

agglutinin
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

lectins in roots

Composition #2: Gajdus, Jerzy., Kaczynski, Zbigniew., Kawiak, Anna., Lojkowska, Ewa., Stefanowicz-Hajduk, Justyna., Ochocka, J Renata., Stepnowski, Piotr. Isolation and identification of cytotoxic compounds from the rhizomes of Paris quadrifolia L. . pharmacognosy magazine, 2014, vol. 10, no. Suppl 2, p. S324–33. DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.133289. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

96% ethanol extract from rhizomes
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

pennogenyl saponins
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

pennogenyl saponins in rhizomes

Composition #3: Stefanowicz-Hajduk, Justyna., Kawiak, Anna., Gajdus, Jerzy., Ochocka, J. Renata., Paszkiewicz, Monika., Stepnowski, Piotr., Lojkowska, Ewa. CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF PARIS QUADRIFOLIA EXTRACT AND ISOLATED SAPONIN FRACTIONS AGAINST HUMAN TUMOR CELL LINES . acta biologica cracoviensia series botanica, 2011, vol. 53, no. 2, p. 127–131. DOI: 10.2478/v10182-011-0024-1. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol (95%) extract from rhizomes
Substance:

steroidal saponins (RF-00010818-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC AND MASS SPECTROMETRY
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

steroidal saponins in rhizomes

Composition #4: Jenett-Siems, Kristina., Krause, Nadin., Siems, Karsten., Jakupovic, Sven., Wallukat, Gerd., Melzig, Matthias F. Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Paris quadrifolia L.. zeitschrift fur naturforschung section c-a journal of biosciences, 2012, vol. 67, no. 11-12, p. 565–570. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

steroidal saponins (RF-00010818-PAR)
Additional substance description:

(23S,24S)- spirosta-5,25(27)-diene-1β,3β,21,23,24-pentol-1-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(13)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(12)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(13)]-β-D-glucopyranoside 21- O- β- D- apiofuranoside 24-O-β-D-fucopyranoside
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Steroidal saponins in whole plant

Composition #5: NOHARA, T., ITO, Y., SEIKE, H., KOMORI, T., MORIYAMA, M., GOMITA, Y., KAWASAKI, T. STUDY ON THE CONSTITUENTS OF PARIS-QUADRIFORIA L. chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 1982, vol. 30, no. 5, p. 1851–1856. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH / BuOH
Substance:

pennogenin tetraglycoside (RF-00003533-PAR)
Additional substance description:

pennogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, pennogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhamno-pyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, 22-hydroxyfurostanol 3, 26-O-bisglycoside
Analytical method code:

Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography (F063A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

pennogenin and pennogenin glycosides in whole plant

Endpoint study #1: Busser, C. Toxic berries, fruits and pseudo-fruits in traditional medicine and phytotherapy . phytotherapie (paris), 2007, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 31–36. DOI: 10.1007/s10298-007-0205-y. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Type of toxicological test:

other (CHD008TT)
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)
Effect description:

About 5 fruits may induce digestive troubles, with nervous and cardiac problem.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

About 5 fruits may induce digestive troubles, with nervous and cardiac problem.