EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Poppy seeds // Papaver somniferum L. subsp. somniferum

Family:: Papaveraceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 3152
Number of processed references:: 2

Compositions

#1: Isoquinoline alkaloids and derivatives (in latex and stem detected are: morphine, codeine, and thebaine. In the root system, the major alkaloids are sanguinarine/10-hydroxysanguinarine and diliydrosanguinarine/10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine)

Endpoint Studies

#1: case report - death

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Frick, S., Kramell, R., Schmidt, K., Fist, AJ., Kutchan, TM. Comparative qualitative and quantitative determination of alkaloids in narcotic and condiment Papaver somniferum cultivars . journal of natural products, 2005, vol. 68, no. 5, p. 666–673. DOI: 10.1021/np0496643. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Isoquinoline alkaloids (RF-00004391-PAR)
Additional substance description:

in latex and stem: morphine, codeine, and thebaine. In the root system, the major alkaloids are sanguinarine/10-hydroxysanguinarine and diliydrosanguinarine/10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Isoquinoline alkaloids and derivatives (in latex and stem detected are: morphine, codeine, and thebaine. In the root system, the major alkaloids are sanguinarine/10-hydroxysanguinarine and diliydrosanguinarine/10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine)

Endpoint study #1: Schuppener, Leah M., Corliss, Robert F. Death Due to Complications of Bowel Obstruction Following Raw Poppy Seed Ingestion. . journal of forensic sciences, 2017 . DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13562. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Stomach (TT027A)
Effect description:

vomiting, death, alkaloid poisoning
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

case report - death