EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

African basil (as plant) // Ocimum gratissimum L. // Ocimum suave Willd.

Family:: Lamiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1430
Number of processed references:: 12

Compositions

#1: Tannins in dry and fresh leaves #2: cardiac glycosides in dry and fresh leaves #3: saponins in dry and fresh leaves #4: myrcene in leaves #5: eugenol in leaves #6: beta-selinene in leaves essential oil #7: Myrcene in leaves essential oil #8: trans-Methyl isoeugenol #9: estragol #10: 1,8-cineole #11: eugenol

Endpoint Studies

#1: Ocimun gratissimum leaves reinforcement the abortifacient effects of other plants #2: acute toxic effects and histologic signs of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in Albino rats #3: Increased presence of abnormal sperm cells #4: Acute toxicity in mice #5: LD50 in mice #6: LD100 in rats #7: LD100 in mice #8: LD50 in rats #9: acute toxicity in rats #10: subacute toxicity in rats #11: Ocimum gratissimus leaves has antifertility effects in male mouse

Genotoxicity

#1: Increased chromasomal abberation

Composition #1: Abdurahman, F. I., Tijjani, M. A., Osuji, U. O. Proximate content and chemical composition of Ocimum viridis leaf and Ocimum gratissium leaf. international research journal of pharmacy, 2012, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 153–156. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins in dry and fresh leaves

Composition #2: Abdurahman, F. I., Tijjani, M. A., Osuji, U. O. Proximate content and chemical composition of Ocimum viridis leaf and Ocimum gratissium leaf. international research journal of pharmacy, 2012, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 153–156. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

cardiac glycosides in dry and fresh leaves

Composition #3: Abdurahman, F. I., Tijjani, M. A., Osuji, U. O. Proximate content and chemical composition of Ocimum viridis leaf and Ocimum gratissium leaf. international research journal of pharmacy, 2012, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 153–156. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

saponins in dry and fresh leaves

Composition #4: Fandohan, P., Gnonlonfin, B., Laleye, A., Gbenou, J. D., Darbouxc, R., Moudachirou, M. Toxicity and gastric tolerance of essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum basilicum in Wistar rats . food and chemical toxicology, 2008, vol. 46, no. 7, p. 2493–2497. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.006. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

distillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Reconstituted product (B007A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5
Internal remarks:

myrcene in leaves

Composition #5: Silva, Lenise de Lima., Parodi, Thaylise Vey., Reckziegel, Patricia., Garcia, Viviane de Oliveira., Buerger, Marilise Escobar., Baldisserotto, Bernardo., Malmann, Carlos Augusto., Soares Pereira, Ana Maria., Heinzmann, Berta Maria. Essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L.: Anesthetic effects, mechanism of action and tolerance in silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen . aquaculture, 2012, vol. 350, p. 91–97. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.04.012. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Reconstituted product (B007A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

73.6
Internal remarks:

eugenol in leaves

Composition #6: Huee, T., Cauquil, L., Fokou, J. B. Hzounda., Dongmo, P. M. Jazet., Bakarnga-Via, I., Menut, C. Acaricidal activity of five essential oils of Ocimum species on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus larvae . parasitology research, 2015, vol. 114, no. 1, p. 91–99. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4164-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydrodistillation
Substance:

beta-selinene (RF-00011306-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.1
Internal remarks:

beta-selinene in leaves essential oil

Composition #7: Huee, T., Cauquil, L., Fokou, J. B. Hzounda., Dongmo, P. M. Jazet., Bakarnga-Via, I., Menut, C. Acaricidal activity of five essential oils of Ocimum species on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus larvae . parasitology research, 2015, vol. 114, no. 1, p. 91–99. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4164-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.0
Internal remarks:

Myrcene in leaves essential oil

Composition #8: Rana, Virendra S., Amparo Blazquez, M. Essential Oil Composition of the Aerial Parts of Five Ocimum species from Western India . journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2015, vol. 18, no. 5, p. 1234–1241. DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2014.931255. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

methylisoeugenol (RF-00003493-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

50.3
Internal remarks:

trans-Methyl isoeugenol

Composition #9: Cruz, G. Z., Wanderley-Teixeira, V., Oliveira, J. V., Lopes, F. S. C., Barbosa, D. R. S., Breda, M. O., Dutra, K. A., Guedes, C. A., Navarro, D. M. A. F., Teixeira, A. A. C. Sublethal effects of essential oils from Eucalyptus staigeriana (Myrtales: Myrtaceae), Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiales: Laminaceae), and Foeniculum vulgare (Apiales: Apiaceae) on the biology of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (vol 109, pg 660, 2016) . journal of economic entomology, 2016, vol. 109, no. 5, p. 2248–2248. DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow132. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Estragole (RF-00003806-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Methyl chavicol
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

7.78
Internal remarks:

estragol

Composition #10: Cruz, G. Z., Wanderley-Teixeira, V., Oliveira, J. V., Lopes, F. S. C., Barbosa, D. R. S., Breda, M. O., Dutra, K. A., Guedes, C. A., Navarro, D. M. A. F., Teixeira, A. A. C. Sublethal effects of essential oils from Eucalyptus staigeriana (Myrtales: Myrtaceae), Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiales: Laminaceae), and Foeniculum vulgare (Apiales: Apiaceae) on the biology of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (vol 109, pg 660, 2016) . journal of economic entomology, 2016, vol. 109, no. 5, p. 2248–2248. DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow132. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.36
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole

Composition #11: Cruz, G. Z., Wanderley-Teixeira, V., Oliveira, J. V., Lopes, F. S. C., Barbosa, D. R. S., Breda, M. O., Dutra, K. A., Guedes, C. A., Navarro, D. M. A. F., Teixeira, A. A. C. Sublethal effects of essential oils from Eucalyptus staigeriana (Myrtales: Myrtaceae), Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiales: Laminaceae), and Foeniculum vulgare (Apiales: Apiaceae) on the biology of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (vol 109, pg 660, 2016) . journal of economic entomology, 2016, vol. 109, no. 5, p. 2248–2248. DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow132. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9.07
Internal remarks:

eugenol

Endpoint study #1: Noumi, E., Tchakonang, N.Y.C. Plants used as abortifacients in the Sangmelima region of Southern Cameroon. journal of ethnopharmacology, 2001, vol. 76, no. 3, p. 263–268. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00252-5. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Guideline used:

No guideline available
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male/Female
Exposure duration:

365.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

No Effect Application Rate (CHD084EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Effect concentration:

250
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Uterus (TT052A)
Effect description:

Reinforce the abortifacient effect
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

Ocimun gratissimum leaves reinforcement the abortifacient effects of other plants

Endpoint study #2: Hernández, N.B., Ruiz, A.R., Parra, Á.V. Toxic and genotoxic evaluation of the fluid extract from Ocimum gratissimum L. Evaluación tóxica y genotóxica del extracto fluido de Ocimum gratissimum L. . revista cubana de plantas medicinales, 2006, vol. 11, no. 1 . .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

methanol
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Unit of exposure duration:

single (food/feed) (G203A)
Number of organisms dosed:

60
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

1000-3000
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

acute toxic effects and histologic signs of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

acute toxic effects and histologic signs of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in Albino rats

Endpoint study #3: Akinboro, A., Bakare, A.A. Spermatotoxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum in albino mice. open access journal of medicinal and aromatic plants, 2013, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 10–14. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

5.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

4
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

8
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Testes (TT050A)
Effect description:

Increased presence of abnormal sperm cells
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

Increased presence of abnormal sperm cells

Endpoint study #4: Parra, AL., Yhebra, RS., Sardinas, IG., Buela, LI. Comparative study of the assay of Artemia salina L. and the estimate of the medium lethal dose (LD50 value) in mice, to determine oral acute toxicity of plant extracts . phytomedicine, 2001, vol. 8, no. 5, p. 395–400. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Guideline used:

According to
Guideline:

OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity) (OECD718PL)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Swiss (CHD005ST)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

24.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Lethal dose rate in 50% of experimental organisms (CHD029EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

2081
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Effect description:

mortality
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

Acute toxicity in mice

Endpoint study #5: Orafidiya, LO., Agbani, EO., Iwalewa, EO., Adelusola, KA., Oyedapo, OO. Studies on the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. leaf . phytomedicine, 2004, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 71–76. DOI: 10.1078/0944-7113-00317. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Swiss (CHD005ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

72.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Lethal dose rate in 50% of experimental organisms (CHD029EP)
Concentration unit:

Grams per kilogram body weight (G226A)
Effect concentration:

1.41
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

mortality, sedative effect
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

LD50 in mice

Endpoint study #6: Orafidiya, LO., Agbani, EO., Iwalewa, EO., Adelusola, KA., Oyedapo, OO. Studies on the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. leaf . phytomedicine, 2004, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 71–76. DOI: 10.1078/0944-7113-00317. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Sprague-Dawley (CHD012ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

72.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose producing lethality in 100% of experimental organisms (CHD075EP)
Concentration unit:

Grams per kilogram body weight (G226A)
Effect concentration:

4.07
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

mortality
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

LD100 in rats

Endpoint study #7: Orafidiya, LO., Agbani, EO., Iwalewa, EO., Adelusola, KA., Oyedapo, OO. Studies on the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. leaf . phytomedicine, 2004, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 71–76. DOI: 10.1078/0944-7113-00317. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Swiss (CHD005ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

72.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose producing lethality in 100% of experimental organisms (CHD075EP)
Concentration unit:

Grams per kilogram body weight (G226A)
Effect concentration:

2.50
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

mortality
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

LD100 in mice

Endpoint study #8: Orafidiya, LO., Agbani, EO., Iwalewa, EO., Adelusola, KA., Oyedapo, OO. Studies on the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. leaf . phytomedicine, 2004, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 71–76. DOI: 10.1078/0944-7113-00317. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Sprague-Dawley (CHD012ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

72.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Lethal dose rate in 50% of experimental organisms (CHD029EP)
Concentration unit:

Grams per kilogram body weight (G226A)
Effect concentration:

2.29
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

mortality, sedative effect
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

LD50 in rats

Endpoint study #9: Fandohan, P., Gnonlonfin, B., Laleye, A., Gbenou, J. D., Darbouxc, R., Moudachirou, M. Toxicity and gastric tolerance of essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum basilicum in Wistar rats . food and chemical toxicology, 2008, vol. 46, no. 7, p. 2493–2497. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.006. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

24.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Lethal dose rate in 50% of experimental organisms (CHD029EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

1750
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Effect description:

torpor behaviour, mortality
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

acute toxicity in rats

Endpoint study #10: Fandohan, P., Gnonlonfin, B., Laleye, A., Gbenou, J. D., Darbouxc, R., Moudachirou, M. Toxicity and gastric tolerance of essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum basilicum in Wistar rats . food and chemical toxicology, 2008, vol. 46, no. 7, p. 2493–2497. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.006. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

14.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

1500
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Effect description:

mortality at the dose level 1500 mg/kg, torpor behaviour at the dose levels 1500 and 1000 mg/kg
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

subacute toxicity in rats

Endpoint study #11: Obianime, Atuboyedia Wolfe., Aprioku, Jonah Sydney., Esomonu, Chinagoro T. O. Antifertility effects of aqueous crude extract of Ocimum gratissimum L. leaves in male mice . journal of medicinal plants research, 2010, vol. 4, no. 9, p. 809–816. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Guideline:

OECD Guideline 452 (Chronic Toxicity Studies) (OECD1283PL)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
Exposure duration:

28.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

No Effect Rate (CHD081EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Effect concentration:

0.11-0.88
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Testes (TT050A)
Effect description:

Ocimum gratissimus leaves has antifertility effects in male mouse
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

Ocimum gratissimus leaves has antifertility effects in male mouse

Genotox #1: Akinboro, A., Bakare, A.A. Spermatotoxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum in albino mice. open access journal of medicinal and aromatic plants, 2013, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 10–14. .

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

chromosome aberration assay (CHD047TT)
Method type:

in vivo
Guideline used:

No guideline available
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

Male/Female
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

no data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration for in vivo:

8.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Week (G205A)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

chromosome aberration
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

presence chromosomal abberation without dose dependence
Internal remarks:

Increased chromasomal abberation
Internal ID:

eid=2-s2.0-84888225341