EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Nymphaea lotus L.

Family:: Nymphaeaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 145
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: alkaloids in leaves #2: saponins in leaves #3: tannins in leaves #4: armepavine in leaves #5: saponins in whole plant #6: anthraquinone in whole plant #7: cardiac glycosides in whole plant #8: alkaloids in whole plant

Endpoint Studies

#1: behavioral changes and liver alterations in female rat #2: behavioral changes and stimulation of hematopoetic system in male rat #3: increased frequency of abnormal sperm cells

Genotoxicity

#1: positive MN test

Composition #1: Sharaibi, Olubunmi Josephine., Ogundipe, Oluwatoyin Temitayo., Afolayan, Anthony Jide., Aworinde, David Olaniran. Ethnobotanical survey and phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants used for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia in Lagos State, Nigeria. journal of medicinal plants research, 2014, vol. 8, no. 43), 1284-128, p. 5 pp. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water, acetone
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

unspecified
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids in leaves

Composition #2: Sharaibi, Olubunmi Josephine., Ogundipe, Oluwatoyin Temitayo., Afolayan, Anthony Jide., Aworinde, David Olaniran. Ethnobotanical survey and phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants used for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia in Lagos State, Nigeria. journal of medicinal plants research, 2014, vol. 8, no. 43), 1284-128, p. 5 pp. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water, acetone
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

unspecified
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

saponins in leaves

Composition #3: Sharaibi, Olubunmi Josephine., Ogundipe, Oluwatoyin Temitayo., Afolayan, Anthony Jide., Aworinde, David Olaniran. Ethnobotanical survey and phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants used for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia in Lagos State, Nigeria. journal of medicinal plants research, 2014, vol. 8, no. 43), 1284-128, p. 5 pp. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water, acetone
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

unspecified
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tannins in leaves

Composition #4: Goleniewska-Furmanowa, M. Comparative leaf anatomy and alkaloid content in the nymphaeaceae bentham and hooker. monographiae botanicae, 1970, vol. 31, p. 1–56. DOI: 10.5586/MB.1970.001. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol 95%
Substance:

Armepavine (RF-00011153-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

armepavine in leaves

Composition #5: Chia, A. M., Iortsuun, D. N., Stephen, B. J., Ayobamire, A. E., Ladan, Z. Phytoplankton responses to changes in macrophyte density in a tropical artificial pond in Zaria, Nigeria . african journal of aquatic science, 2011, vol. 36, no. 1, p. 35–46. DOI: 10.2989/16085914.2011.559697. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Meyer test, Dragendoff test
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

saponins in whole plant

Composition #6: Chia, A. M., Iortsuun, D. N., Stephen, B. J., Ayobamire, A. E., Ladan, Z. Phytoplankton responses to changes in macrophyte density in a tropical artificial pond in Zaria, Nigeria . african journal of aquatic science, 2011, vol. 36, no. 1, p. 35–46. DOI: 10.2989/16085914.2011.559697. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Anthraquinone (RF-0475-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Borntrager’s test
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

anthraquinone in whole plant

Composition #7: Chia, A. M., Iortsuun, D. N., Stephen, B. J., Ayobamire, A. E., Ladan, Z. Phytoplankton responses to changes in macrophyte density in a tropical artificial pond in Zaria, Nigeria . african journal of aquatic science, 2011, vol. 36, no. 1, p. 35–46. DOI: 10.2989/16085914.2011.559697. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Keller Killiani method
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

cardiac glycosides in whole plant

Composition #8: Chia, A. M., Iortsuun, D. N., Stephen, B. J., Ayobamire, A. E., Ladan, Z. Phytoplankton responses to changes in macrophyte density in a tropical artificial pond in Zaria, Nigeria . african journal of aquatic science, 2011, vol. 36, no. 1, p. 35–46. DOI: 10.2989/16085914.2011.559697. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Meyer test, Dragendoff test
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids in whole plant

Endpoint study #1: Kameni Poumeni, Mireille., Bilanda, Danielle Claude., Dzeufiet Djomeni, Paul Desire., Mengue Ngadena, Yolande Sandrine., Mballa, Marguerite Francine., Ngoungoure, Madeleine Chantal., Ouafo, Agnes Carolle., Dimo, Theophile., Kamtchouing, Pierre. Safety assessment of the aqueous extract of the flowers of Nymphaea lotus Linn (Nymphaeaceae): Acute, neuro- and subchronic oral toxicity studies in albinos Wistar rats. journal of complementary and integrative medicine, 2017, vol. 14, no. 2, p. ???. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Guideline:

OECD GUIDELINE 407 (REPEATED DOSE 28-DAY ORAL TOXICITY IN RODENTS) (OECD1255PL)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

28.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

600
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Brain (TT034A)
Effect description:

increased urea, creatinin, proteins and bilirubin, decreased GGT and ALP, histopat changes in liver, decreased weight of liver, psychotropic effect, increased brain cholesterol, increased brain potassium and calcium concentration, increased LDL
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

behaviour (CHD001BE)
Internal remarks:

behavioral changes and liver alterations in female rat

Endpoint study #2: Kameni Poumeni, Mireille., Bilanda, Danielle Claude., Dzeufiet Djomeni, Paul Desire., Mengue Ngadena, Yolande Sandrine., Mballa, Marguerite Francine., Ngoungoure, Madeleine Chantal., Ouafo, Agnes Carolle., Dimo, Theophile., Kamtchouing, Pierre. Safety assessment of the aqueous extract of the flowers of Nymphaea lotus Linn (Nymphaeaceae): Acute, neuro- and subchronic oral toxicity studies in albinos Wistar rats. journal of complementary and integrative medicine, 2017, vol. 14, no. 2, p. ???. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Guideline:

OECD GUIDELINE 407 (REPEATED DOSE 28-DAY ORAL TOXICITY IN RODENTS) (OECD1255PL)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

28.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

200
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Brain (TT034A)
Effect description:

dose-dependent increased brain cholesterol, increased LDLand AI, higher level of WBC
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

behaviour (CHD001BE)
Internal remarks:

behavioral changes and stimulation of hematopoetic system in male rat

Endpoint study #3: Oyeyemi, Ifeoluwa Temitayo., Yekeen, Olaide Maruf., Odusina, Paul Olayinka., Ologun, Taiwo Mary., Ogbaide, Orezimena Michelle., Olaleye, Olayinka Israel., Bakare, Adekunle A. Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity study of aqueous and hydro-methanol extracts of Spondias mombin L., Nymphaea lotus L. and Luffa cylindrical L. using animal bioassays. . interdisciplinary toxicology, 2015, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 184–92. DOI: 10.1515/intox-2015-0028. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water, methanol
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Swiss (CHD005ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

5.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Week (G205A)
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

200
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Testes (TT050A)
Effect description:

increased frequency of abnormal sperm cells
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

increased frequency of abnormal sperm cells

Genotox #1: Oyeyemi, Ifeoluwa Temitayo., Yekeen, Olaide Maruf., Odusina, Paul Olayinka., Ologun, Taiwo Mary., Ogbaide, Orezimena Michelle., Olaleye, Olayinka Israel., Bakare, Adekunle A. Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity study of aqueous and hydro-methanol extracts of Spondias mombin L., Nymphaea lotus L. and Luffa cylindrical L. using animal bioassays. . interdisciplinary toxicology, 2015, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 184–92. DOI: 10.1515/intox-2015-0028. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

Mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test (CHD057TT)
Method type:

in vivo
Guideline used:

No guideline available
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Swiss (CHD005ST)
Sex:

Male
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

not applicable
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration for in vivo:

10.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

4
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

chromosome aberration
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

incresed presence of micronucleated polychromatic erythocyte at the dose 200 mg/kg bw
Internal remarks:

positive MN test
Internal ID:

MEDLINE:27486380