EFSA
ecomole
vscht
  2. Nutmeg (as plant) // Myristica fragrans Houtt. // Myristica moschata Thunb. // Myristica officinalis L.f.

Nutmeg (as plant) // Myristica fragrans Houtt. // Myristica moschata Thunb. // Myristica officinalis L.f.

Family:
Myristicaceae
Approval state:
Approved
Number of articles retrieved:
2000
Number of processed references:
10
Compositions
#1: alkaloids in seed kernels #2: safrole in seeds #3: myristicin in seeds #4: elemicin in seeds #5: myristicin in seeds
Endpoint Studies
#1: Case report: confusion, incoherent speech and drowsiness after ingestion of 2 teaspoons and other symptoms (hallucinations, tachycardia and anticholinergic effects) #2: 7 Case reports: neurotoxicity and other sympthoms #3: Case report: neurological symptoms with non-specific electrocardiographic changes and anti-cholinergic-type symptoms #4: Acute toxicity with mortality #5: Case report: acute psychotic symptoms, central nervous system neuromodulatory signs #6: increased activity of hepatic enzymes - detox effect
Genotoxicity
#1: seeds mutagenic in TA 102 and TA 98 #2: genotoxicity in oral cancer cell lines(KB)
Composition #1: Hayfaa, A. Al-Shammary., Sahar, A. A. Malik Al-Saadi., Awatif, M. Al-Saeidy. Evaluation of analgesic activity and toxicity of alkaloids in Myristica fragrans seeds in mice . journal of pain research, 2013, vol. 6, p. 611–615. DOI: 10.2147/JPR.S45591. [DOI link]
Composition #2: Beyer, Jochen., Ehlers, Dorothea., Maurer, Hans H. Abuse of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.): Studies on the metabolism and the toxicologic detection of its ingredients elemicin, myristicin, and safrole in rat and human urine using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry . therapeutic drug monitoring, 2006, vol. 28, no. 4, p. 568–575. DOI: 10.1097/00007691-200608000-00013. [DOI link]
Composition #3: Beyer, Jochen., Ehlers, Dorothea., Maurer, Hans H. Abuse of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.): Studies on the metabolism and the toxicologic detection of its ingredients elemicin, myristicin, and safrole in rat and human urine using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry . therapeutic drug monitoring, 2006, vol. 28, no. 4, p. 568–575. DOI: 10.1097/00007691-200608000-00013. [DOI link]
Composition #4: Beyer, Jochen., Ehlers, Dorothea., Maurer, Hans H. Abuse of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.): Studies on the metabolism and the toxicologic detection of its ingredients elemicin, myristicin, and safrole in rat and human urine using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry . therapeutic drug monitoring, 2006, vol. 28, no. 4, p. 568–575. DOI: 10.1097/00007691-200608000-00013. [DOI link]
Composition #5: Dawidowicz, Andrzej L., Dybowski, Michal P. Determination of myristicin in commonly spices applying SPE/GC. food and chemical toxicology, 2012, vol. 50, no. 7, p. 2362–2367. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.013. [DOI link]
Endpoint study #1: Roeters van Lennep, J E., Schuit, S C E., van Bruchem-Visser, R L., Ozcan, B. Unintentional nutmeg autointoxication.. the netherlands journal of medicine, 2015, vol. 73, no. 1, p. 46–8. .
Endpoint study #2: Stein, U., Greyer, H., Hentschel, H. Nutmeg (myristicin) poisoning - report on a fatal case and a series of cases recorded by a poison information centre . forensic science international, 2001, vol. 118, no. 1, p. 87–90. DOI: 10.1016/S0379-0738(00)00369-8. [DOI link]
Endpoint study #3: McKenna, Ann., Nordt, Sean P., Ryan, John. Acute nutmeg poisoning. european journal of emergency medicine, 2004, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 240–241. DOI: 10.1097/01.mej.0000127649.69328.a5. [DOI link]
Endpoint study #4: Hayfaa, A. Al-Shammary., Sahar, A. A. Malik Al-Saadi., Awatif, M. Al-Saeidy. Evaluation of analgesic activity and toxicity of alkaloids in Myristica fragrans seeds in mice . journal of pain research, 2013, vol. 6, p. 611–615. DOI: 10.2147/JPR.S45591. [DOI link]
Endpoint study #5: Demetriades, AK., Wallman, PD., McGuiness, A., Gavalas, MC. Low cost, high risk: accidental nutmeg intoxication. emergency medicine journal, 2005, vol. 22, no. 3, p. 223–225. DOI: 10.1136/emj.2002.004168. [DOI link]
Endpoint study #6: KUMARI, MVR. MODULATORY INFLUENCES OF MACE (MYRISTICA-FRAGRANS, HOUTT) ON HEPATIC DETOXIFICATION SYSTEMS AND BONE-MARROW GENOTOXICITY IN MALE SWISS ALBINO MICE . nutrition research, 1992, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 385–394. DOI: 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80754-7. [DOI link]
Genotox #1: Mahmoud, I., Alkofahi, A., Abdelaziz, A. Mutagenic and toxic activities of several spices and some jordanian medicinal plants. pharmaceutical biology, 1992, vol. 30, no. 2, p. 81–85. DOI: 10.3109/13880209209053961. [DOI link]
Genotox #2: Cinthura, C., Gayathri, R., Priya, V. Genotoxicity analysis of mace (Myristica fragrans) on oral cancer cell line by DNA fragmentation. journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research, 2017, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 205–207. .