EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Myoporum laetum G.Forst.

Family:: Scrophulariaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 64
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: ngaione and tetrahydrongaione (furan derivatives) #2: Ngaione in EO: 0.1 to 0.3% from dry leaves

Endpoint Studies

#1: Toxicity in sheep: fresh green plant was fed to 17 sheep. Five of the 9 died at 40 g/kg died. Histopathology: periportal liver necrosis #2: toxicity in cattle: First signs appeared 24-72 h after ingestion of 20 g/kg and 40 g/kg of plant: depression, abdominal pain, ruminal atony, ocular and nasal serous discharge, and dry feces with blood . Histopathology: liver: centrilobular necrosis. #3: hepatotoxicity in rats

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: McDowell, H. Constituents of Myoporum laeturn, Forst (The"ngaio.") II. Hydrogenation of ngaione and ngaiol and dehydrogenation of ngaiol. journal of the chemical society, 1927, p. 731–40. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

ngaione (RF-00003511-PAR)
Additional substance description:

ngaione and tetrahydrongaione
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

ngaione and tetrahydrongaione (furan derivatives)

Composition #2: McDowall, F. H. Essential oil of Myoporum latum Forst (the Ngaio). perfumery and essential oil record, 1928, vol. 19, p. 221–3. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

ngaione (RF-00003511-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Ngaione in EO: 0.1 to 0.3% from dry leaves

Endpoint study #1: Raposo, JB., Mendez, MD., Riet-Correa, F., de Andrade, GB. Experimental intoxication by Myoporum laetum in sheep. veterinary and human toxicology, 1998, vol. 40, no. 3, p. 132–135. .

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Sheep (as animal) (A057G)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Endpoint measured:

Dietary dose producing lethality in 50% of experimental organisms (CHD004EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Effect concentration:

40
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

fresh green plant was fed to 17 sheep. Five of the 9 died at 40 g/kg died. Histopathology: periportal liver necrosis
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

Toxicity in sheep: fresh green plant was fed to 17 sheep. Five of the 9 died at 40 g/kg died. Histopathology: periportal liver necrosis

Endpoint study #2: Raposo, JB., Mendez, MD., de Andrade, GB., Riet-Correa, F. Experimental intoxication by Myoporum laetum in cattle. veterinary and human toxicology, 1998, vol. 40, no. 5, p. 275–277. .

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Cattle (as animal) (A057E)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

24.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)
Number of organisms dosed:

16
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Effect concentration:

20
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

First signs appeared 24-72 h after ingestion of 20 g/kg and 40 g/kg of plant: depression, abdominal pain, ruminal atony, ocular and nasal serous discharge, and dry feces with blood . Histopathology: liver: centrilobular necrosis.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

toxicity in cattle: First signs appeared 24-72 h after ingestion of 20 g/kg and 40 g/kg of plant: depression, abdominal pain, ruminal atony, ocular and nasal serous discharge, and dry feces with blood . Histopathology: liver: centrilobular necrosis.

Endpoint study #3: DENZ, FA., HANGER, WG. LIVER TOXIN IN MYOPORUM LAETUM. journal of pathology and bacteriology, 1961, vol. 81, no. 1, p. 91–&. DOI: 10.1002/path.1700810111. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

acetone
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Limit test:

Yes
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

12.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

20
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

liver damage, icterus and photosensitivity : Diets containing 30 per cent. and 20 per cent of dried leaf proved to be highly toxic and killed rats within twelve days
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

hepatotoxicity in rats