EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.

Family:: Fabaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1559
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: Hydrogen cyanide in boiled seeds #2: Hydrogen cyanide in raw seeds #3: Cardiac glycosides in leaves #4: Alkaloids in leaves #5: Anthraquinones in leaves #6: Saponins in leaves #7: Tannins (and phenols) in seeds #8: Saponins in seeds #9: Alkaloids in seeds #10: Alkaloid in leaves #11: Hydrogen cyanide in leaves #12: Oxalate in leaves #13: Saponin in leaves #14: Maackiain (a pterocarpan) in roots #15: Isoflavones in roots #16: Formononetin in roots #17: Isoflavonoids in roots #18: Medicarpin in roots

Endpoint Studies

#1: Nephrotoxicity in rats #2: Hepatotoxicity in rats #3: Neurotoxicity (brain) in rats #4: Pulmonary and cardiovascular effects in rats #5: Reproductive toxicity in rats #6: alpha-glucosidase inhibition by isoflavonoids from roots #7: alpha-glucosidase inhibition by medicarpin from roots #8: alpha-glucosidase inhibition by parvisoflavone B from roots

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Nwaoguikpe, R.N., Braide, W., Ujowundu, C.O. The effects of processing on the proximate and phytochemical compositions of mucuna pruriens seeds (Velvet beans). pakistan journal of nutrition, 2011, vol. 10, no. 10, p. 947–951. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Thermal treatment (heating for preservation) (A07HR)
Additional extraction description:

boiled in water, or soaked and then boiled (two different treatments)
Substance:

Hydrogen cyanide (cyanides expressed as hydrogen cyanide) (RF-0243-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5.54-6.59
Internal remarks:

Hydrogen cyanide in boiled seeds

Composition #2: Nwaoguikpe, R.N., Braide, W., Ujowundu, C.O. The effects of processing on the proximate and phytochemical compositions of mucuna pruriens seeds (Velvet beans). pakistan journal of nutrition, 2011, vol. 10, no. 10, p. 947–951. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Raw, no heat treatment (A07HS)
Additional extraction description:

soaked in water
Substance:

Hydrogen cyanide (cyanides expressed as hydrogen cyanide) (RF-0243-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

12.69
Internal remarks:

Hydrogen cyanide in raw seeds

Composition #3: Minari, J.B., Ogar, G.O., Bello, A.J. Antiproliferative potential of aqueous leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens on DMBA-induced breast cancer in female albino rats. egyptian journal of medical human genetics, 2016, vol. 17, no. 4, p. 331–343. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.12.008. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Hot aqueous extraction
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

13.32
Internal remarks:

Cardiac glycosides in leaves

Composition #4: Minari, J.B., Ogar, G.O., Bello, A.J. Antiproliferative potential of aqueous leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens on DMBA-induced breast cancer in female albino rats. egyptian journal of medical human genetics, 2016, vol. 17, no. 4, p. 331–343. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.12.008. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Hot aqueous extraction
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.35
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids in leaves

Composition #5: Minari, J.B., Ogar, G.O., Bello, A.J. Antiproliferative potential of aqueous leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens on DMBA-induced breast cancer in female albino rats. egyptian journal of medical human genetics, 2016, vol. 17, no. 4, p. 331–343. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.12.008. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Hot aqueous extraction
Substance:

anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Anthraquinones in leaves

Composition #6: Minari, J.B., Ogar, G.O., Bello, A.J. Antiproliferative potential of aqueous leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens on DMBA-induced breast cancer in female albino rats. egyptian journal of medical human genetics, 2016, vol. 17, no. 4, p. 331–343. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.12.008. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Hot aqueous extraction
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5.06
Internal remarks:

Saponins in leaves

Composition #7: Saikarthik, J., Vijayakumar, J., Vijayaraghavan, R. Qualitative phytochemistry and acute oral toxicity testing of the methanol extract of mucuna pruriens seeds in albino mice. international journal of pharmaceutical sciences review and research, 2016, vol. 38, no. 2, p. 198–204. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

400 mL methanol for 80 gm seed powder
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Tannins and phenols grouped together
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins (and phenols) in seeds

Composition #8: Saikarthik, J., Vijayakumar, J., Vijayaraghavan, R. Qualitative phytochemistry and acute oral toxicity testing of the methanol extract of mucuna pruriens seeds in albino mice. international journal of pharmaceutical sciences review and research, 2016, vol. 38, no. 2, p. 198–204. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

400 mL methanol for 80 gm seed powder
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins in seeds

Composition #9: Saikarthik, J., Vijayakumar, J., Vijayaraghavan, R. Qualitative phytochemistry and acute oral toxicity testing of the methanol extract of mucuna pruriens seeds in albino mice. international journal of pharmaceutical sciences review and research, 2016, vol. 38, no. 2, p. 198–204. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

400 mL methanol for 80 gm seed powder
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids in seeds

Composition #10: Nweze, N.E., Ezema, C., Ezema, A.S., Eze, J.I., Ezema, W.S. Toxicity and nutritional studies on Mucuna pruriens leaves from Nsukka, South-Eastern Nigeria. comparative clinical pathology, 2017, vol. 26, no. 3, p. 569–574. DOI: 10.1007/s00580-017-2412-8. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

cold maceration with absolute methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.00
Internal remarks:

Alkaloid in leaves

Composition #11: Nweze, N.E., Ezema, C., Ezema, A.S., Eze, J.I., Ezema, W.S. Toxicity and nutritional studies on Mucuna pruriens leaves from Nsukka, South-Eastern Nigeria. comparative clinical pathology, 2017, vol. 26, no. 3, p. 569–574. DOI: 10.1007/s00580-017-2412-8. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

cold maceration with absolute methanol
Substance:

Hydrogen cyanide (cyanides expressed as hydrogen cyanide) (RF-0243-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.675
Internal remarks:

Hydrogen cyanide in leaves

Composition #12: Nweze, N.E., Ezema, C., Ezema, A.S., Eze, J.I., Ezema, W.S. Toxicity and nutritional studies on Mucuna pruriens leaves from Nsukka, South-Eastern Nigeria. comparative clinical pathology, 2017, vol. 26, no. 3, p. 569–574. DOI: 10.1007/s00580-017-2412-8. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

cold maceration with absolute methanol
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.168
Internal remarks:

Oxalate in leaves

Composition #13: Nweze, N.E., Ezema, C., Ezema, A.S., Eze, J.I., Ezema, W.S. Toxicity and nutritional studies on Mucuna pruriens leaves from Nsukka, South-Eastern Nigeria. comparative clinical pathology, 2017, vol. 26, no. 3, p. 569–574. DOI: 10.1007/s00580-017-2412-8. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

cold maceration with absolute methanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.00
Internal remarks:

Saponin in leaves

Composition #14: Dendup, Tshewang., Prachyawarakorn, Vilailak., Pansanit, Acharavadee., Mahidol, Chulabhorn., Ruchirawat, Somsak., Kittakoop, Prasat. alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Isoflavanones, Isoflavones, and Pterocarpans from Mucuna pruriens . planta medica, 2014, vol. 80, no. 7, p. 604–608. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368427. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Sequentially with CH2Cl2, then MeOH
Substance:

Pterocarpans (RF-00010808-PAR)
Additional substance description:

maackiain
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: IR, NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Maackiain (a pterocarpan) in roots

Composition #15: Dendup, Tshewang., Prachyawarakorn, Vilailak., Pansanit, Acharavadee., Mahidol, Chulabhorn., Ruchirawat, Somsak., Kittakoop, Prasat. alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Isoflavanones, Isoflavones, and Pterocarpans from Mucuna pruriens . planta medica, 2014, vol. 80, no. 7, p. 604–608. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368427. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Sequentially with CH2Cl2, then MeOH
Substance:

isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Parvisoflavone B, afrormosin, 8-O-methylretusin, derrone
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: IR, NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Isoflavones in roots

Composition #16: Dendup, Tshewang., Prachyawarakorn, Vilailak., Pansanit, Acharavadee., Mahidol, Chulabhorn., Ruchirawat, Somsak., Kittakoop, Prasat. alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Isoflavanones, Isoflavones, and Pterocarpans from Mucuna pruriens . planta medica, 2014, vol. 80, no. 7, p. 604–608. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368427. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Sequentially with CH2Cl2, then MeOH
Substance:

formononetin (RF-00000291-NTR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: IR, NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Formononetin in roots

Composition #17: Dendup, Tshewang., Prachyawarakorn, Vilailak., Pansanit, Acharavadee., Mahidol, Chulabhorn., Ruchirawat, Somsak., Kittakoop, Prasat. alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Isoflavanones, Isoflavones, and Pterocarpans from Mucuna pruriens . planta medica, 2014, vol. 80, no. 7, p. 604–608. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368427. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Sequentially with CH2Cl2, then MeOH
Substance:

Isoflavonoids Isoflavonoids (RF-00000439-NTR)
Additional substance description:

Mucunone A, Mucunone B, Mucunone C, Parvisoflavanone, Lespedeol C, Uncinanone C, (3R)-vestitol, (3R)-laxifloran, 8-methoxyvestitol
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: IR, NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Isoflavonoids in roots

Composition #18: Dendup, Tshewang., Prachyawarakorn, Vilailak., Pansanit, Acharavadee., Mahidol, Chulabhorn., Ruchirawat, Somsak., Kittakoop, Prasat. alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Isoflavanones, Isoflavones, and Pterocarpans from Mucuna pruriens . planta medica, 2014, vol. 80, no. 7, p. 604–608. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368427. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Sequentially with CH2Cl2, then MeOH
Substance:

Medicarpin (RF-00011248-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: IR, NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Medicarpin in roots

Endpoint study #1: Nweze, N.E., Ezema, C., Ezema, A.S., Eze, J.I., Ezema, W.S. Toxicity and nutritional studies on Mucuna pruriens leaves from Nsukka, South-Eastern Nigeria. comparative clinical pathology, 2017, vol. 26, no. 3, p. 569–574. DOI: 10.1007/s00580-017-2412-8. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

methanol
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

28.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

400
Critical effect:

NEPHROTOXICITY (TOX03A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Kidneys (TT046A)
Effect description:

glomerulonephritis of kidneys characterized by hypercellularity of the glomerulus and focal areas of haemorrhage
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

Nephrotoxicity in rats

Endpoint study #2: Nweze, N.E., Ezema, C., Ezema, A.S., Eze, J.I., Ezema, W.S. Toxicity and nutritional studies on Mucuna pruriens leaves from Nsukka, South-Eastern Nigeria. comparative clinical pathology, 2017, vol. 26, no. 3, p. 569–574. DOI: 10.1007/s00580-017-2412-8. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

methanol
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

28.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

400
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

necrosis of epithelial cells of the bile duct, peri hepatic fibrinous exudation and haemorrhages
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

Hepatotoxicity in rats

Endpoint study #3: Nweze, N.E., Ezema, C., Ezema, A.S., Eze, J.I., Ezema, W.S. Toxicity and nutritional studies on Mucuna pruriens leaves from Nsukka, South-Eastern Nigeria. comparative clinical pathology, 2017, vol. 26, no. 3, p. 569–574. DOI: 10.1007/s00580-017-2412-8. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

methanol
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

28.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

400
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Brain (TT034A)
Effect description:

cytotoxic edema of degenerating brain neurons
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

Neurotoxicity (brain) in rats

Endpoint study #4: Nweze, N.E., Ezema, C., Ezema, A.S., Eze, J.I., Ezema, W.S. Toxicity and nutritional studies on Mucuna pruriens leaves from Nsukka, South-Eastern Nigeria. comparative clinical pathology, 2017, vol. 26, no. 3, p. 569–574. DOI: 10.1007/s00580-017-2412-8. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

methanol
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

28.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

400
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

respiratory: Lung (TT041A)
Effect description:

Hyperplasia of the perivascular lymphoid tissue of the lungs with mononuclear cells infiltration of the interlobular septae. Myocardial hemorrhages.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

Pulmonary and cardiovascular effects in rats

Endpoint study #5: Nweze, N.E., Ezema, C., Ezema, A.S., Eze, J.I., Ezema, W.S. Toxicity and nutritional studies on Mucuna pruriens leaves from Nsukka, South-Eastern Nigeria. comparative clinical pathology, 2017, vol. 26, no. 3, p. 569–574. DOI: 10.1007/s00580-017-2412-8. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

methanol
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

28.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

400
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Testes (TT050A)
Effect description:

reduced spermatogenic activities in testes
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

Reproductive toxicity in rats

Endpoint study #6: Dendup, Tshewang., Prachyawarakorn, Vilailak., Pansanit, Acharavadee., Mahidol, Chulabhorn., Ruchirawat, Somsak., Kittakoop, Prasat. alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Isoflavanones, Isoflavones, and Pterocarpans from Mucuna pruriens . planta medica, 2014, vol. 80, no. 7, p. 604–608. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368427. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Isoflavonoids Isoflavonoids (RF-00000439-NTR)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

CH2Cl2 then MeOH
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Tested organism:

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (as organism) (A0CPH)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Millimole/litre (G071A)
Effect concentration:

0.03296-0.11501
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition by 4 separate isoflavonoids extracted from the plant: mucunone A and B, (3R)-vestitol and 8-methoxy-vestitol
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition by isoflavonoids from roots

Endpoint study #7: Dendup, Tshewang., Prachyawarakorn, Vilailak., Pansanit, Acharavadee., Mahidol, Chulabhorn., Ruchirawat, Somsak., Kittakoop, Prasat. alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Isoflavanones, Isoflavones, and Pterocarpans from Mucuna pruriens . planta medica, 2014, vol. 80, no. 7, p. 604–608. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368427. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Medicarpin (RF-00011248-PAR)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

CH2Cl2 then MeOH
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Tested organism:

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (as organism) (A0CPH)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Millimole/litre (G071A)
Effect concentration:

0.01362
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition by medicarpin from roots

Endpoint study #8: Dendup, Tshewang., Prachyawarakorn, Vilailak., Pansanit, Acharavadee., Mahidol, Chulabhorn., Ruchirawat, Somsak., Kittakoop, Prasat. alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Isoflavanones, Isoflavones, and Pterocarpans from Mucuna pruriens . planta medica, 2014, vol. 80, no. 7, p. 604–608. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368427. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

CH2Cl2 then MeOH
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Tested organism:

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (as organism) (A0CPH)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Millimole/litre (G071A)
Effect concentration:

0.01219
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition by one of the isoflavones extracted from the roots: parvisoflavone B
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition by parvisoflavone B from roots