EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Pennyroyal (as plant) // Mentha pulegium L.

Family:: Lamiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 838
Number of processed references:: 5

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Chraibi, Marwa., Farah, Abdellah., Lebrazi, Sara., El Amine, Oumaima., Houssaini, Mohammed Iraqui., Fikri-Benbrahim, Kawtar. Antimycobacterial natural products from Moroccan medicinal plants: Chemical composition, bacteriostatic and bactericidal profile of Thymus satureioides and Mentha pulegium essential oils . asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2016, vol. 6, no. 10, p. 836–840. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.08.002. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Carvone (RF-0538-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6.66
Internal remarks:

carvone

Composition #2: Chraibi, Marwa., Farah, Abdellah., Lebrazi, Sara., El Amine, Oumaima., Houssaini, Mohammed Iraqui., Fikri-Benbrahim, Kawtar. Antimycobacterial natural products from Moroccan medicinal plants: Chemical composition, bacteriostatic and bactericidal profile of Thymus satureioides and Mentha pulegium essential oils . asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2016, vol. 6, no. 10, p. 836–840. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.08.002. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Dihydrocarvone (RF-00011286-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.64
Internal remarks:

dihydrocarvone

Composition #3: Chraibi, Marwa., Farah, Abdellah., Lebrazi, Sara., El Amine, Oumaima., Houssaini, Mohammed Iraqui., Fikri-Benbrahim, Kawtar. Antimycobacterial natural products from Moroccan medicinal plants: Chemical composition, bacteriostatic and bactericidal profile of Thymus satureioides and Mentha pulegium essential oils . asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2016, vol. 6, no. 10, p. 836–840. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.08.002. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

pinocarvone (RF-00003547-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.27
Internal remarks:

pinocarvone

Composition #4: Chraibi, Marwa., Farah, Abdellah., Lebrazi, Sara., El Amine, Oumaima., Houssaini, Mohammed Iraqui., Fikri-Benbrahim, Kawtar. Antimycobacterial natural products from Moroccan medicinal plants: Chemical composition, bacteriostatic and bactericidal profile of Thymus satureioides and Mentha pulegium essential oils . asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2016, vol. 6, no. 10, p. 836–840. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.08.002. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

(+)-pulegone (RF-00003398-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

75.48
Internal remarks:

pulegone

Composition #5: Chraibi, Marwa., Farah, Abdellah., Lebrazi, Sara., El Amine, Oumaima., Houssaini, Mohammed Iraqui., Fikri-Benbrahim, Kawtar. Antimycobacterial natural products from Moroccan medicinal plants: Chemical composition, bacteriostatic and bactericidal profile of Thymus satureioides and Mentha pulegium essential oils . asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2016, vol. 6, no. 10, p. 836–840. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.08.002. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

l-Piperitone (RF-00007699-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.13
Internal remarks:

piperitone

Composition #6: Derwich, E., Benziane, Z., Taouil, R., Senhaji, O., Touzani, M. Comparative essential oil composition of leaves of mentha rotundifolia and mentha pulegium a traditional herbal medicine in Morocco. american-eurasian journal of sustainable agriculture, 2010, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 47–54. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

d,l-Isomenthone (RF-00010214-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.56
Internal remarks:

Isomenthone

Composition #7: Derwich, E., Benziane, Z., Taouil, R., Senhaji, O., Touzani, M. Comparative essential oil composition of leaves of mentha rotundifolia and mentha pulegium a traditional herbal medicine in Morocco. american-eurasian journal of sustainable agriculture, 2010, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 47–54. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

(+)-pulegone (RF-00003398-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6.42
Internal remarks:

pulegone

Composition #8: Derwich, E., Benziane, Z., Taouil, R., Senhaji, O., Touzani, M. Comparative essential oil composition of leaves of mentha rotundifolia and mentha pulegium a traditional herbal medicine in Morocco. american-eurasian journal of sustainable agriculture, 2010, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 47–54. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Menthol (RF-00008951-PAR)
Additional substance description:

menthol and neomenthol
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.28
Internal remarks:

Menthol and neomenthol

Composition #9: Derwich, E., Benziane, Z., Taouil, R., Senhaji, O., Touzani, M. Comparative essential oil composition of leaves of mentha rotundifolia and mentha pulegium a traditional herbal medicine in Morocco. american-eurasian journal of sustainable agriculture, 2010, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 47–54. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

menthofuran (RF-00003924-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.15
Internal remarks:

Menthofuran

Composition #10: Derwich, E., Benziane, Z., Taouil, R., Senhaji, O., Touzani, M. Comparative essential oil composition of leaves of mentha rotundifolia and mentha pulegium a traditional herbal medicine in Morocco. american-eurasian journal of sustainable agriculture, 2010, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 47–54. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

menthone (RF-00011280-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.09
Internal remarks:

Menthone

Composition #11: Derwich, E., Benziane, Z., Taouil, R., Senhaji, O., Touzani, M. Comparative essential oil composition of leaves of mentha rotundifolia and mentha pulegium a traditional herbal medicine in Morocco. american-eurasian journal of sustainable agriculture, 2010, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 47–54. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Carvone (RF-0538-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.13
Internal remarks:

carvone

Composition #12: Derwich, E., Benziane, Z., Taouil, R., Senhaji, O., Touzani, M. Comparative essential oil composition of leaves of mentha rotundifolia and mentha pulegium a traditional herbal medicine in Morocco. american-eurasian journal of sustainable agriculture, 2010, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 47–54. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

l-Piperitone (RF-00007699-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

35.56
Internal remarks:

Piperitone

Composition #13: Derwich, E., Benziane, Z., Taouil, R., Senhaji, O., Touzani, M. Comparative essential oil composition of leaves of mentha rotundifolia and mentha pulegium a traditional herbal medicine in Morocco. american-eurasian journal of sustainable agriculture, 2010, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 47–54. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

piperitone oxide (RF-00011283-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.02
Internal remarks:

Piperitone oxide

Composition #14: Miguel, Maria Graca., Almeida, Maria Lynete., Goncalves, Maria Albertina., Figueiredo, Ana Cristina., Barroso, Jose Goncalves., Pedro, Luis Manuel. Toxic Effects of Three Essential Oils on Ceratitis capitata. journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2010, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 191–199. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

Menthol (RF-00008951-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

22
Internal remarks:

menthol

Composition #15: Miguel, Maria Graca., Almeida, Maria Lynete., Goncalves, Maria Albertina., Figueiredo, Ana Cristina., Barroso, Jose Goncalves., Pedro, Luis Manuel. Toxic Effects of Three Essential Oils on Ceratitis capitata. journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2010, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 191–199. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

menthone (RF-00011280-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

14
Internal remarks:

menthone

Composition #16: Miguel, Maria Graca., Almeida, Maria Lynete., Goncalves, Maria Albertina., Figueiredo, Ana Cristina., Barroso, Jose Goncalves., Pedro, Luis Manuel. Toxic Effects of Three Essential Oils on Ceratitis capitata. journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2010, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 191–199. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

d,l-Isomenthone (RF-00010214-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

14
Internal remarks:

isomenthone

Composition #17: Miguel, Maria Graca., Almeida, Maria Lynete., Goncalves, Maria Albertina., Figueiredo, Ana Cristina., Barroso, Jose Goncalves., Pedro, Luis Manuel. Toxic Effects of Three Essential Oils on Ceratitis capitata. journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2010, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 191–199. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

(+)-pulegone (RF-00003398-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

27.3
Internal remarks:

pulegone

Composition #18: Baser, K. H. C., Kurkcuoglu, M., Demirci, B., Ozek, T., Tarimcilar, G. Essential oils of Mentha species from Marmara region of Turkey. journal of essential oil research, 2012, vol. 24, no. 3, p. 265–272. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2012.676775. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

(+)-pulegone (RF-00003398-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

25-78
Internal remarks:

pulegone

Composition #19: Baser, K. H. C., Kurkcuoglu, M., Demirci, B., Ozek, T., Tarimcilar, G. Essential oils of Mentha species from Marmara region of Turkey. journal of essential oil research, 2012, vol. 24, no. 3, p. 265–272. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2012.676775. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

menthone (RF-00011280-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5-59
Internal remarks:

menthone

Composition #20: Baser, K. H. C., Kurkcuoglu, M., Demirci, B., Ozek, T., Tarimcilar, G. Essential oils of Mentha species from Marmara region of Turkey. journal of essential oil research, 2012, vol. 24, no. 3, p. 265–272. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2012.676775. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

d,l-Isomenthone (RF-00010214-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3-52
Internal remarks:

isomenthone

Composition #21: Zandi-Sohani, Nooshin., Ramezani, Leila. Evaluation of five essential oils as botanical acaricides against the strawberry spider mite Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov and Nikolskii . international biodeterioration & biodegradation, 2015, vol. 98, p. 101–106. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.12.007. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

The leaves were dried at room temperature for 7 days and ground to powder before being subjected to hydro-distillation
Substance:

isopiperitenone (RF-00011284-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

29.62
Internal remarks:

Piperitenone in leaves - essential oil

Composition #22: Zandi-Sohani, Nooshin., Ramezani, Leila. Evaluation of five essential oils as botanical acaricides against the strawberry spider mite Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov and Nikolskii . international biodeterioration & biodegradation, 2015, vol. 98, p. 101–106. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.12.007. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

The leaves were dried at room temperature for 7 days and ground to powder before being subjected to hydro-distillation
Substance:

l-Piperitone (RF-00007699-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

32.16
Internal remarks:

Piperitone in leaves (essential oil)

Composition #23: Zandi-Sohani, Nooshin., Ramezani, Leila. Evaluation of five essential oils as botanical acaricides against the strawberry spider mite Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov and Nikolskii . international biodeterioration & biodegradation, 2015, vol. 98, p. 101–106. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.12.007. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

The leaves were dried at room temperature for 7 days and ground to powder before being subjected to hydro-distillation
Substance:

d,l-Isomenthone (RF-00010214-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.57
Internal remarks:

Menthone in leaves - essential oil

Composition #24: Zandi-Sohani, Nooshin., Ramezani, Leila. Evaluation of five essential oils as botanical acaricides against the strawberry spider mite Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov and Nikolskii . international biodeterioration & biodegradation, 2015, vol. 98, p. 101–106. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.12.007. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

The leaves were dried at room temperature for 7 days and ground to powder before being subjected to hydro-distillation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.37
Internal remarks:

1,8-Cineol in leaves - essential oil

Composition #25: Zandi-Sohani, Nooshin., Ramezani, Leila. Evaluation of five essential oils as botanical acaricides against the strawberry spider mite Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov and Nikolskii . international biodeterioration & biodegradation, 2015, vol. 98, p. 101–106. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.12.007. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

The leaves were dried at room temperature for 7 days and ground to powder before being subjected to hydro-distillation
Substance:

(+)-pulegone (RF-00003398-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.83
Internal remarks:

Pulegone in leaves - essential oil