EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) L.

Family:: Myrtaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 134
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Fall, Rokhaya., Ngom, Saliou., Sall, Dienaba., Sembene, Mbacke., Samb, Abdoulaye. Chemical characterization of essential oil from the leaves of Callistemon viminalis (DR) and Melaleuca leucadendron (Linn.) . asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2017, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 347–351. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.01.004. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Steam distillation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Related compound identified: "epiglobulol"
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

28.87
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole in essential oil of leaves

Composition #2: Fall, Rokhaya., Ngom, Saliou., Sall, Dienaba., Sembene, Mbacke., Samb, Abdoulaye. Chemical characterization of essential oil from the leaves of Callistemon viminalis (DR) and Melaleuca leucadendron (Linn.) . asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2017, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 347–351. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.01.004. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Steam distillation
Substance:

(-)-globulol (RF-00003756-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Related compound identified: "epiglobulol"
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

23.06
Internal remarks:

Epiglobulol in essential oil of leaves

Composition #3: Brophy, J.J., Lassak, E.V. Melaleuca leucadendra L. leaf oil:Two phenylpropanoid chemotypes. flavour and fragrance journal, 1988, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 43–46. DOI: 10.1002/ffj.2730030109. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Steam distillation
Substance:

methyleugenol (RF-00003931-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

8.90-97.40
Internal remarks:

Methyleugenol in essential oil of leaves

Composition #4: Brophy, J.J., Lassak, E.V. Melaleuca leucadendra L. leaf oil:Two phenylpropanoid chemotypes. flavour and fragrance journal, 1988, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 43–46. DOI: 10.1002/ffj.2730030109. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Steam distillation
Substance:

methylisoeugenol (RF-00003493-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.2-88.8
Internal remarks:

Methylisoeugenol in essential oil of leaves

Composition #5: Silva, Cleber J., Barbosa, Luiz C. A., Maltha, Ulia R. A., Pinheiro, Antonio L., Ismail, Fyaz M. D. Comparative study of the essential oils of seven Meialeuca (Myrtaceae) species grown in Brazil . flavour and fragrance journal, 2007, vol. 22, no. 6, p. 474–478. DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1823. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydrodistillation
Substance:

methyleugenol (RF-00003931-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Analytical method - additional description:

also GC-MS-Ion Trap
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

96.6
Internal remarks:

Methyleugenol in essential oil of leaves

Composition #6: Pujiarti, Rini., Ohtani, Yoshito., Ichiura, Hideaki. Physicochemical properties and chemical compositions of Melaleuca leucadendron leaf oils taken from the plantations in Java, Indonesia . journal of wood science, 2011, vol. 57, no. 5, p. 446–451. DOI: 10.1007/s10086-011-1183-0. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

water-steam distillation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

44.76-60.19
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole in essential oil of leaves

Composition #7: Pujiarti, Rini., Ohtani, Yoshito., Ichiura, Hideaki. Physicochemical properties and chemical compositions of Melaleuca leucadendron leaf oils taken from the plantations in Java, Indonesia . journal of wood science, 2011, vol. 57, no. 5, p. 446–451. DOI: 10.1007/s10086-011-1183-0. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

water-steam distillation
Substance:

(-)-globulol (RF-00003756-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.28-3.60
Internal remarks:

Globulol in essential oil of leaves

Composition #8: Pujiarti, Rini., Ohtani, Yoshito., Ichiura, Hideaki. Physicochemical properties and chemical compositions of Melaleuca leucadendron leaf oils taken from the plantations in Java, Indonesia . journal of wood science, 2011, vol. 57, no. 5, p. 446–451. DOI: 10.1007/s10086-011-1183-0. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

water-steam distillation
Substance:

beta-selinene (RF-00011306-PAR)
Additional substance description:

"Beta-eudesmene" (synonym for beta-selinene according to PubChem)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.98-3.51
Internal remarks:

beta-eudesmene (beta-selinene) in essential oil of leaves

Composition #9: Pujiarti, Rini., Ohtani, Yoshito., Ichiura, Hideaki. Physicochemical properties and chemical compositions of Melaleuca leucadendron leaf oils taken from the plantations in Java, Indonesia . journal of wood science, 2011, vol. 57, no. 5, p. 446–451. DOI: 10.1007/s10086-011-1183-0. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

water-steam distillation
Substance:

Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.68-4.85
Internal remarks:

Eugenol in essential oil of leaves

Composition #10: Xu, Kaimeng., Feng, Jing., Zhong, Tuhua., Zheng, Zhifeng., Chen, Taian. Effects of volatile chemical components of wood species on mould growth susceptibility and termite attack resistance of wood plastic composites . international biodeterioration & biodegradation, 2015, vol. 100, p. 106–115. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.02.002. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

wood flour dried, then soxhlet-extracted 1:1 alcohol/benzene
Substance:

2,3-Dimethylcolchicine (RF-00003781-PAR)
Additional substance description:

derivative/related compound identified: "3-Demethyl-colchicine"
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.72
Internal remarks:

3-Demethyl-colchicine in wood

Composition #11: Xu, Kaimeng., Feng, Jing., Zhong, Tuhua., Zheng, Zhifeng., Chen, Taian. Effects of volatile chemical components of wood species on mould growth susceptibility and termite attack resistance of wood plastic composites . international biodeterioration & biodegradation, 2015, vol. 100, p. 106–115. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.02.002. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

wood flour dried, then soxhlet-extracted 1:1 alcohol/benzene
Substance:

Erucic acid (RF-00000249-NTR)
Additional substance description:

derivative/related compound identified: "(Z)-13-docosenamide"
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

16.950
Internal remarks:

Erucamide in wood

Composition #12: Indrayani, Yuliati., Muin, Musrizal., Yoshimura, Tsuyoshi. Crude extracts of two different leaf plant species and their responses against subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus . nusantara bioscience, 2016, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 226–231. DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080215. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

200 g dried leaves in 400 ml 70% ethanol
Substance:

1,4-naphthoquinone (RF-00006469-PAR)
Additional substance description:

member of the group of concern, "naphthoquinones"
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10.38
Internal remarks:

1,4-naphthoquinone in leaves

Composition #13: Indrayani, Yuliati., Muin, Musrizal., Yoshimura, Tsuyoshi. Crude extracts of two different leaf plant species and their responses against subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus . nusantara bioscience, 2016, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 226–231. DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080215. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

200 g dried leaves in 400 ml 70% ethanol
Substance:

Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.36
Internal remarks:

Eugenol in leaves

Composition #14: Yoshida, T., Maruyama, T., Nitta, A., Okuda, T. An hydrolysable tannin and accompanying polyphenols from Melaleuca leucadendron . phytochemistry, 1996, vol. 42, no. 4, p. 1171–1173. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(96)00110-0. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

dried fruits homogenized in aqueous acetone, then extracted with Et2O, EtOAc, and n-BuOH
Substance:

3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (RF-00008853-PAR)
Additional substance description:

"protocatechuic acid"
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also, HPLC and NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Protocatechuic acid in fruits

Composition #15: Yoshida, T., Maruyama, T., Nitta, A., Okuda, T. An hydrolysable tannin and accompanying polyphenols from Melaleuca leucadendron . phytochemistry, 1996, vol. 42, no. 4, p. 1171–1173. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(96)00110-0. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

dried fruits homogenized in aqueous acetone, then extracted with Et2O, EtOAc, and n-BuOH
Substance:

Stilbenes, stilbene derivatives (RF-00000284-VET)
Additional substance description:

Stilbene glycosides: piceatannol- 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and its 6"-O-gallate. Also the stilbene: Piceatannol.
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also, HPLC and NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Stilbenes and stilbene derivatives in fruits

Composition #16: Yoshida, T., Maruyama, T., Nitta, A., Okuda, T. An hydrolysable tannin and accompanying polyphenols from Melaleuca leucadendron . phytochemistry, 1996, vol. 42, no. 4, p. 1171–1173. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(96)00110-0. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

dried fruits homogenized in aqueous acetone, then extracted with Et2O, EtOAc, and n-BuOH
Substance:

Ellagitannins (hydrolysable tannins) Ellagitannins (hydrolysable tannins) (RF-00004379-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Rugosin D. Oenothein B, Castalagin. Grandinin. Casuarinin. Tellimagrandin II. 1,2,3-tri- AND 1,2,3,4,6-tetra- AND 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose. 1,2-di-O-galloyl-3-O-digalloyl-4,6-O- (S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-beta-o-glucose.
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also, HPLC and NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Ellagitannins (hydrolysable tannins) in fruits