EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Gojiberry (as plant) // Lycium barbarum L.

Family:: Solanaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 3267
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: 4-Hydroxyacetophenone in fruits #2: coumarins (scopoletin, isoscopoletin, esculetin) in fruits #3: Atropine in fruits #4: Coumarins (fruit) + lycibarbarcoumarins #5: Phenylpropanoids in fruits (Lycibarbarphenylpropanoids A-1) #6: Isoflavonoids in fruits #7: Lignans in fruits #8: alpha-solanine in fruits

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Feng, M.-L., Wang, S.-F., Zhang, X.-X. Chemical constituents in fruits of Lycium barbarum. chinese traditional and herbal drugs, 2013, vol. 44, no. 3, p. 265–268. DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2013.03.005. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Column chromatography
Substance:

4-Hydroxyacetophenone (RF-00002341-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy (F060A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV, MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

4-Hydroxyacetophenone in fruits

Composition #2: Feng, M.-L., Wang, S.-F., Zhang, X.-X. Chemical constituents in fruits of Lycium barbarum. chinese traditional and herbal drugs, 2013, vol. 44, no. 3, p. 265–268. DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2013.03.005. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Column chromatography
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

scopoletin, isoscopoletin, esculetin
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy (F060A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV, MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

coumarins (scopoletin, isoscopoletin, esculetin) in fruits

Composition #3: Adams, Michael., Wiedenmann, Matthias., Tittel, Gerolf., Bauer, Rudolf. HPLC-MS trace analysis of atropine in Lycium barbarum berries. phytochemical analysis, 2006, vol. 17, no. 5, p. 279–283. DOI: 10.1002/pca.915. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ammonia + methanol
Substance:

Atropine (RF-00000246-TOX)
Analytical method code:

UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
Result unit:

ppm (G288A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.019
Internal remarks:

Atropine in fruits

Composition #4: Zhou, Zheng-Qun., Xiao, Jia., Fan, Hong-Xia., Yu, Yang., He, Rong-Rong., Feng, Xiao-Lin., Kurihara, Hiroshi., So, Kwok-Fai., Yao, Xin-Sheng., Gao, Hao. Polyphenols from wolfberry and their bioactivities. food chemistry, 2017, vol. 214, p. 644–654. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.105. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol-water, column chromatography
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

lycibarbarcoumarins
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV, IR, MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coumarins (fruit) + lycibarbarcoumarins

Composition #5: Zhou, Zheng-Qun., Xiao, Jia., Fan, Hong-Xia., Yu, Yang., He, Rong-Rong., Feng, Xiao-Lin., Kurihara, Hiroshi., So, Kwok-Fai., Yao, Xin-Sheng., Gao, Hao. Polyphenols from wolfberry and their bioactivities. food chemistry, 2017, vol. 214, p. 644–654. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.105. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol-water, column chromatography
Substance:

phenylpropanoids (RF-00004367-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Lycibarbarphenylpropanoids A-1
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV, IR, MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Phenylpropanoids in fruits (Lycibarbarphenylpropanoids A-1)

Composition #6: Zhou, Zheng-Qun., Xiao, Jia., Fan, Hong-Xia., Yu, Yang., He, Rong-Rong., Feng, Xiao-Lin., Kurihara, Hiroshi., So, Kwok-Fai., Yao, Xin-Sheng., Gao, Hao. Polyphenols from wolfberry and their bioactivities. food chemistry, 2017, vol. 214, p. 644–654. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.105. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol-water, column chromatography
Substance:

Isoflavonoids Isoflavonoids (RF-00000439-NTR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV, IR, MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Isoflavonoids in fruits

Composition #7: Zhou, Zheng-Qun., Xiao, Jia., Fan, Hong-Xia., Yu, Yang., He, Rong-Rong., Feng, Xiao-Lin., Kurihara, Hiroshi., So, Kwok-Fai., Yao, Xin-Sheng., Gao, Hao. Polyphenols from wolfberry and their bioactivities. food chemistry, 2017, vol. 214, p. 644–654. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.105. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol-water, column chromatography
Substance:

lignans (RF-00004361-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV, IR, MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Lignans in fruits

Composition #8: Kokotkiewicz, A., Migas, P., Stefanowicz, J., Luczkiewicz, M., Krauze-Baranowska, M. Densitometric TLC analysis for the control of tropane and steroidal alkaloids in Lycium barbarum . food chemistry, 2017, vol. 221, p. 535–540. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.142. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform:methanol:acetone:25% ammonium hydroxide
Substance:

solanine (RF-00003582-PAR)
Additional substance description:

alpha-solanine
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

7.84
Internal remarks:

alpha-solanine in fruits