EFSA
ecomole
vscht
  2. Lophophora williamsii (Lem. Ex Salm-Dyck) J.M.Coult. (as plant) // Lophophora lewinii (Hennings ex Lewin) C.H. Thomps. // Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) J.M.Coult.

Lophophora williamsii (Lem. Ex Salm-Dyck) J.M.Coult. (as plant) // Lophophora lewinii (Hennings ex Lewin) C.H. Thomps. // Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) J.M.Coult.

Family:
Cactaceae
Approval state:
Approved
Number of articles retrieved:
195
Number of processed references:
6
Compositions
#1: homopiperonylamine #2: Lophophine #3: Lobivine #4: Mescaline in stem #5: Mescaline in crown (1.82 - 5.5%), stem (0.118 - 0.376%) and root (0.0147 - 0.0773%). #6: N-methylmescaline, isopellotine, pellotine and anhalonine in cactus. #7: Mescaline in cactus #8: anhalamine and anhalonidine in cactus. #9: mescaline 2.55 mg/g of fresh cactus
Endpoint Studies
#1: 31 cases of ingestion causing mild to moderate toxicity ( hallucinations, tachycardia, agitation, and mydriasis. Vomiting was reported in only one case)
Genotoxicity
Composition #1: Bruhn, Jan G., El-Seedi, Hesharn R., Stephanson, Nikolai., Beck, Olof., Shulgin, Alexander T. Ecstasy analogues found in cacti. journal of psychoactive drugs, 2008, vol. 40, no. 2, p. 219–222. .
Composition #2: Bruhn, Jan G., El-Seedi, Hesharn R., Stephanson, Nikolai., Beck, Olof., Shulgin, Alexander T. Ecstasy analogues found in cacti. journal of psychoactive drugs, 2008, vol. 40, no. 2, p. 219–222. .
Composition #3: Bruhn, Jan G., El-Seedi, Hesharn R., Stephanson, Nikolai., Beck, Olof., Shulgin, Alexander T. Ecstasy analogues found in cacti. journal of psychoactive drugs, 2008, vol. 40, no. 2, p. 219–222. .
Composition #4: Aragane, Masako., Sasaki, Yohei., Nakajima, Jun'ichi., Fukumori, Nobutaka., Yoshizawa, Masao., Suzuki, Yukiko., Kitagawa, Shigemi., Mori, Ken'ichiro., Ogino, Shuzo., Yasuda, Ichiro., Nagumo, Seiji. Peyote identification on the basis of differences in morphology, mescaline content, and trnL/trnF sequence between Lophophora williamsii and L. diffusa . journal of natural medicines, 2011, vol. 65, no. 1, p. 103–110. DOI: 10.1007/s11418-010-0469-7. [DOI link]
Composition #5: Klein, Molly T., Kalam, M., Trout, Keeper., Fowler, Norma., Terry, Martin. MESCALINE CONCENTRATIONS IN THREE PRINCIPAL TISSUES OF LOPHOPHORA WILLIAMSII (CACTACEAE): IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE HARVESTING PRACTICES . haseltonia, 2015, no. 20, p. 34–42. .
Composition #6: HELMLIN, HJ., BOURQUIN, D., BRENNEISEN, R. DETERMINATION OF PHENYLETHYLAMINES IN HALLUCINOGENIC CACTUS SPECIES BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH PHOTODIODE-ARRAY DETECTION . journal of chromatography, 1992, vol. 623, no. 2, p. 381–385. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)80380-D. [DOI link]
Composition #7: HELMLIN, HJ., BOURQUIN, D., BRENNEISEN, R. DETERMINATION OF PHENYLETHYLAMINES IN HALLUCINOGENIC CACTUS SPECIES BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH PHOTODIODE-ARRAY DETECTION . journal of chromatography, 1992, vol. 623, no. 2, p. 381–385. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)80380-D. [DOI link]
Composition #8: HELMLIN, HJ., BOURQUIN, D., BRENNEISEN, R. DETERMINATION OF PHENYLETHYLAMINES IN HALLUCINOGENIC CACTUS SPECIES BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH PHOTODIODE-ARRAY DETECTION . journal of chromatography, 1992, vol. 623, no. 2, p. 381–385. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)80380-D. [DOI link]
Composition #9: Gennaro, MC., Gioannini, E., Giacosa, D., Siccardi, D. Determination of mescaline in hallucinogenic Cactaceae by ion-interaction HPLC. . analytical letters, 1996, vol. 29, no. 13, p. 2399–2409. .
Endpoint study #1: Carstairs, Shaun D., Cantrell, F. Lee. Peyote and mescaline exposures: a 12-year review of a statewide poison center database . clinical toxicology, 2010, vol. 48, no. 4, p. 350–353. DOI: 10.3109/15563650903586745. [DOI link]