EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Liquidambar orientalis Mill.

Family:: Altingiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 207
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Benzaldehyde in leaves #2: trans-cinnamyl alcohol (54.7%) in resin #3: 3-phenyl-1-propanol (= hydroxylcinnamyl alcohol, 34.3%) in resin #4: p-coumaric acid in leaves #5: gallic acid in ethanol extract of resine #6: p-coumaric acid in ethanol extract of resine #7: p-coumaric acid in raw resine #8: protocatechuic acid in leaves #9: gallic acid in leaves #10: condensed tannins in leaves

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Ma, Li., Li, Weilin., Qin, Luping., Yao, Shun., Sung, WP., Zhang, CZ., Chen, R. Identification of Volatile Components in Grafted Liquidambar Orientalis Mill. . biotechnology, chemical and materials engineering ii, pts 1 and 2, 2013, vol. 641-642, p. 773–+. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.641-642.773. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

n-hexane
Substance:

Benzaldehyde (RF-00008323-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.203
Internal remarks:

Benzaldehyde in leaves

Composition #2: Kim, Junheon., Jang, Miyeon., Shin, Eunsik., Kim, Jeongmin., Lee, Si Hyeock., Park, Chung Gyoo. Fumigant and contact toxicity of 22 wooden essential oils and their major components against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) . pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 2016, vol. 133, p. 35–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.03.007. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Additional extraction description:

from resin
Substance:

Cinnamyl alcohol (RF-00010111-PAR)
Additional substance description:

trans-cinnamyl alcohol (54.7%)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

54.7
Internal remarks:

trans-cinnamyl alcohol (54.7%) in resin

Composition #3: Kim, Junheon., Jang, Miyeon., Shin, Eunsik., Kim, Jeongmin., Lee, Si Hyeock., Park, Chung Gyoo. Fumigant and contact toxicity of 22 wooden essential oils and their major components against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) . pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 2016, vol. 133, p. 35–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.03.007. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Additional extraction description:

from resin
Substance:

Cinnamyl alcohol (RF-00010111-PAR)
Additional substance description:

3-phenyl-1-propanol (= hydroxylcinnamyl alcohol, 34.3%)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

34.3
Internal remarks:

3-phenyl-1-propanol (= hydroxylcinnamyl alcohol, 34.3%) in resin

Composition #4: Charehsaz, Mohammad., Reis, Rengin., Helvacioglu, Sinem., Sipahi, Hande., Guzelmeric, Etil., Acar, Ebru Turkoz., Cicek, Gamze., Yesilada, Erdem., Aydin, Ahmet. Safety evaluation of styrax liquidus from the viewpoint of genotoxicity and mutagenicity . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2016, vol. 194, p. 506–512. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.037. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

p-coumaric acid (RF-00010717-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

p-coumaric acid in leaves

Composition #5: Charehsaz, Mohammad., Reis, Rengin., Helvacioglu, Sinem., Sipahi, Hande., Guzelmeric, Etil., Acar, Ebru Turkoz., Cicek, Gamze., Yesilada, Erdem., Aydin, Ahmet. Safety evaluation of styrax liquidus from the viewpoint of genotoxicity and mutagenicity . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2016, vol. 194, p. 506–512. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.037. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Trunk (as part-nature) (A166N)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80% ethanol of a resinous exudate (balsam) from the trunk
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.60
Internal remarks:

gallic acid in ethanol extract of resine

Composition #6: Charehsaz, Mohammad., Reis, Rengin., Helvacioglu, Sinem., Sipahi, Hande., Guzelmeric, Etil., Acar, Ebru Turkoz., Cicek, Gamze., Yesilada, Erdem., Aydin, Ahmet. Safety evaluation of styrax liquidus from the viewpoint of genotoxicity and mutagenicity . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2016, vol. 194, p. 506–512. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.037. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Trunk (as part-nature) (A166N)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80% ethanol of a resinous exudate (balsam) from the trunk
Substance:

p-coumaric acid (RF-00010717-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

11.46
Internal remarks:

p-coumaric acid in ethanol extract of resine

Composition #7: Charehsaz, Mohammad., Reis, Rengin., Helvacioglu, Sinem., Sipahi, Hande., Guzelmeric, Etil., Acar, Ebru Turkoz., Cicek, Gamze., Yesilada, Erdem., Aydin, Ahmet. Safety evaluation of styrax liquidus from the viewpoint of genotoxicity and mutagenicity . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2016, vol. 194, p. 506–512. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.037. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Trunk (as part-nature) (A166N)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Raw, no heat treatment (A07HS)
Additional extraction description:

raw resinous exudate (balsam) from the trunk
Substance:

p-coumaric acid (RF-00010717-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.95
Internal remarks:

p-coumaric acid in raw resine

Composition #8: Charehsaz, Mohammad., Reis, Rengin., Helvacioglu, Sinem., Sipahi, Hande., Guzelmeric, Etil., Acar, Ebru Turkoz., Cicek, Gamze., Yesilada, Erdem., Aydin, Ahmet. Safety evaluation of styrax liquidus from the viewpoint of genotoxicity and mutagenicity . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2016, vol. 194, p. 506–512. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.037. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (RF-00008853-PAR)
Additional substance description:

protocatechuic acid
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

12.232
Internal remarks:

protocatechuic acid in leaves

Composition #9: Charehsaz, Mohammad., Reis, Rengin., Helvacioglu, Sinem., Sipahi, Hande., Guzelmeric, Etil., Acar, Ebru Turkoz., Cicek, Gamze., Yesilada, Erdem., Aydin, Ahmet. Safety evaluation of styrax liquidus from the viewpoint of genotoxicity and mutagenicity . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2016, vol. 194, p. 506–512. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.037. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.258
Internal remarks:

gallic acid in leaves

Composition #10: Ulger, Ismail., Kamalak, Adem., Kurt, Ozer., Kaya, Emrah., Guven, Inan. Comparison of the chemical composition and anti-methanogenic potential of Liquidambar orientalis leaves with Laurus nobilis and Eucalyptus globulus leaves using an in vitro gas production technique . ciencia e investigacion agraria, 2017, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 75–82. DOI: 10.7764/rcia.v44i1.1637. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ether
Substance:

Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) (RF-00004370-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9.29
Internal remarks:

condensed tannins in leaves