EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Lovage (as plant) // Levisticum officinale W.J.D.Koch

Family:: Apiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 366
Number of processed references:: 9

Compositions

#1: p-coumaric acid in live plants #2: harman (after roasting) #3: norharman (after roasting) #4: harman (before roasting) #5: falcarindiol in roots #6: ligustilide in roots #7: total coumarins in leaves #8: coumarins in roots #9: furanocoumarins in roots #10: phenylacetaldehyde in essential oil from roots #11: two butylidene phthalides in essential oil from roots #12: ligustilide in essential oil from roots #13: ligustilide in essential oil from leaves #14: two butylidene phthalides in essential oil from leaves #15: β-myrcene in live plants quantity depending on storage days #16: gallic acid in aerial parts of the plant #17: psoralen in leaves #18: bergapten in leaves #19: xanthotoxin in leaves

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Najda, Agnieszka., Wolski, Tadeusz., Dyduch, Jan., Baj, Tomasz. Determination of quantitative composition of poliphenolic compounds occur in anatomically different parts of Levisticum officinale Koch. electronic journal of polish agricultural universities, 2003, vol. 6, no. 1, p. No pp given. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Substance:

p-coumaric acid (RF-00010717-PAR)
Additional substance description:

p-coumaric acid
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

p-coumaric acid in live plants

Composition #2: Wojtowicz, Elzbieta., Zawirska-Wojtasiak, Renata., Przygonski, Krzysztof., Mildner-Szkudlarz, Sylwia. Bioactive β-carbolines norharman and harman in traditional and novel raw materials for chicory coffee. food chemistry, 2015, vol. 175, p. 280–283. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

harman (RF-00003852-PAR)
Additional substance description:

harman
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.11-0.17
Internal remarks:

harman (after roasting)

Composition #3: Wojtowicz, Elzbieta., Zawirska-Wojtasiak, Renata., Przygonski, Krzysztof., Mildner-Szkudlarz, Sylwia. Bioactive β-carbolines norharman and harman in traditional and novel raw materials for chicory coffee. food chemistry, 2015, vol. 175, p. 280–283. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

norharmane (RF-00003952-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Norharman
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.16-0.12
Internal remarks:

norharman (after roasting)

Composition #4: Wojtowicz, Elzbieta., Zawirska-Wojtasiak, Renata., Przygonski, Krzysztof., Mildner-Szkudlarz, Sylwia. Bioactive β-carbolines norharman and harman in traditional and novel raw materials for chicory coffee. food chemistry, 2015, vol. 175, p. 280–283. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

harman (RF-00003852-PAR)
Additional substance description:

harman
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.11-0.09
Internal remarks:

harman (before roasting)

Composition #5: Zschocke, S., Liu, JH., Stuppner, H., Bauer, R. Comparative study of roots of Angelica sinensis and related umbelliferous drugs by thin layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry . phytochemical analysis, 1998, vol. 9, no. 6, p. 283–290. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

under reflux for 2 h with dichloromethane
Substance:

falcarindiol (RF-00003811-PAR)
Additional substance description:

falcarindiol
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.14-0.2
Internal remarks:

falcarindiol in roots

Composition #6: Zschocke, S., Liu, JH., Stuppner, H., Bauer, R. Comparative study of roots of Angelica sinensis and related umbelliferous drugs by thin layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry . phytochemical analysis, 1998, vol. 9, no. 6, p. 283–290. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

under reflux for 2 h with dichloromethane
Substance:

ligustilide (RF-00003900-PAR)
Additional substance description:

ligustilide
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

ligustilide in roots

Composition #7: Ojala, T., Vuorela, P., Kiviranta, J., Vuorela, H., Hiltunen, R. A bioassay using Artemia salina for detecting phototoxicity of plant coumarins . planta medica, 1999, vol. 65, no. 8, p. 715–718. DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-14049. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Furanocoumarins (RF-00004381-PAR)
Additional substance description:

total coumarins
Result unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

12-145
Internal remarks:

total coumarins in leaves

Composition #8: Paszkiewicz, Monika., Orlita, Aleksandra., Dziabas, Alicja., Golebiowski, Marek., Lojkowska, Ewa., Szafranek, Janusz., Malinski, Edmund., Stepnowski, Piotr. Simplex optimized LC analysis of plant coumarins and furanocoumarins. chromatographia, 2008, vol. 67, no. 7-8, p. 653–657. DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0516-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol at room temperature
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

coumarins
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

coumarins in roots

Composition #9: Paszkiewicz, Monika., Orlita, Aleksandra., Dziabas, Alicja., Golebiowski, Marek., Lojkowska, Ewa., Szafranek, Janusz., Malinski, Edmund., Stepnowski, Piotr. Simplex optimized LC analysis of plant coumarins and furanocoumarins. chromatographia, 2008, vol. 67, no. 7-8, p. 653–657. DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0516-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol at room temperature
Substance:

Furanocoumarins (RF-00004381-PAR)
Additional substance description:

furanocoumarins
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

furanocoumarins in roots

Composition #10: Raal, Ain., Arak, Elmar., Orav, Anne., Kailas, Tiiu., Mueuerisepp, Mati. Composition of the essential oil of Levisticum officinale WDJ Koch from some European countries . journal of essential oil research, 2008, vol. 20, no. 4, p. 318–322. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Phenylacetaldehyde (RF-00009234-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Distillation-titrimetry (modified Monier-William method) (F682A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0-17.2
Internal remarks:

phenylacetaldehyde in essential oil from roots

Composition #11: Raal, Ain., Arak, Elmar., Orav, Anne., Kailas, Tiiu., Mueuerisepp, Mati. Composition of the essential oil of Levisticum officinale WDJ Koch from some European countries . journal of essential oil research, 2008, vol. 20, no. 4, p. 318–322. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Phthalides (RF-00010790-PAR)
Additional substance description:

(Z)-3-butylidene phthalide and (E)-3-butylidene phthalide
Analytical method code:

Distillation-titrimetry (modified Monier-William method) (F682A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.8-28.6
Internal remarks:

two butylidene phthalides in essential oil from roots

Composition #12: Raal, Ain., Arak, Elmar., Orav, Anne., Kailas, Tiiu., Mueuerisepp, Mati. Composition of the essential oil of Levisticum officinale WDJ Koch from some European countries . journal of essential oil research, 2008, vol. 20, no. 4, p. 318–322. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

ligustilide (RF-00003900-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Distillation-titrimetry (modified Monier-William method) (F682A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9.4-70.9
Internal remarks:

ligustilide in essential oil from roots

Composition #13: Raal, Ain., Arak, Elmar., Orav, Anne., Kailas, Tiiu., Mueuerisepp, Mati. Composition of the essential oil of Levisticum officinale WDJ Koch from some European countries . journal of essential oil research, 2008, vol. 20, no. 4, p. 318–322. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

ligustilide (RF-00003900-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Distillation-titrimetry (modified Monier-William method) (F682A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

17
Internal remarks:

ligustilide in essential oil from leaves

Composition #14: Raal, Ain., Arak, Elmar., Orav, Anne., Kailas, Tiiu., Mueuerisepp, Mati. Composition of the essential oil of Levisticum officinale WDJ Koch from some European countries . journal of essential oil research, 2008, vol. 20, no. 4, p. 318–322. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Phthalides (RF-00010790-PAR)
Additional substance description:

(Z)-3-butylidene phthalide and (E)-3-butylidene phthalide
Analytical method code:

Distillation-titrimetry (modified Monier-William method) (F682A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2-12.2
Internal remarks:

two butylidene phthalides in essential oil from leaves

Composition #15: Catunescu, Giorgiana M., Socaci, Sonia Ancuta., Rotar, Ioan., Vidican, Roxana., Bunghez, Florina., Tofana, Maria., Plesa, Anca., Muntean, Mircea. Volatile Profile of Minimally Processed Herbs during Cold Storage. romanian biotechnological letters, 2016, vol. 21, no. 5, p. 11923–11931. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Additional substance description:

β-myrcene quantity depending on storage days
Analytical method code:

GC-MS/MS (F049A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9.5-23.9
Internal remarks:

β-myrcene in live plants quantity depending on storage days

Composition #16: Dobrinas, Simona., Stanciu, Gabriela., Lupsor, Simona. TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND HPLC CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME CULINARY HERBS. journal of science and arts, 2017, no. 2, p. 321–330. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol at room temperature for 12 h
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

34.13
Internal remarks:

gallic acid in aerial parts of the plant

Composition #17: ZOBEL, AM., BROWN, SA. DERMATITIS-INDUCING PSORALENS ON THE SURFACES OF 7 MEDICINAL PLANT-SPECIES . journal of toxicology-cutaneous and ocular toxicology, 1991, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 223–231. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Substance:

psoralen (RF-00004015-PAR)
Additional substance description:

psoralen
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

psoralen in leaves

Composition #18: ZOBEL, AM., BROWN, SA. DERMATITIS-INDUCING PSORALENS ON THE SURFACES OF 7 MEDICINAL PLANT-SPECIES . journal of toxicology-cutaneous and ocular toxicology, 1991, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 223–231. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Substance:

Bergapten (RF-00003837-PAR)
Additional substance description:

bergapten
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

bergapten in leaves

Composition #19: ZOBEL, AM., BROWN, SA. DERMATITIS-INDUCING PSORALENS ON THE SURFACES OF 7 MEDICINAL PLANT-SPECIES . journal of toxicology-cutaneous and ocular toxicology, 1991, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 223–231. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Substance:

Methoxsalen Methoxsalen (RF-00003863-PAR)
Additional substance description:

xanthotoxin
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

xanthotoxin in leaves