EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Leucojum vernum L.

Family:: Amaryllidaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 82
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: homolycorine in bulbs #2: lycorine in bulbs #3: tazettine in bulb #4: galanthamine in bulb #5: physostigmine in bulbs #6: Galanthamine in bulbs #7: homolycorine #8: 2-O-acetyllycorine #9: lycorine #10: Acetyllycorine in bulb #11: leucovernine in bulb #12: 11-hydroxyvittatine in bulb #13: 9-O-demethylhomolycorine in bulb #14: N-demethylgalanthamine in bulb #15: hippeastrine in bulb #16: lectins in bulb

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Boit, Hans G., Stender, Wolfgang. Alkaloids of the Amaryllidaceae. II. Alkaloids of Leucojum vernum and Narcissus poeticus var. ornatus. chemische berichte, 1954, vol. 87, p. 681–3. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform
Substance:

homolycorine (RF-00003868-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

homolycorine in bulbs

Composition #2: Boit, Hans G., Stender, Wolfgang. Alkaloids of the Amaryllidaceae. II. Alkaloids of Leucojum vernum and Narcissus poeticus var. ornatus. chemische berichte, 1954, vol. 87, p. 681–3. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform
Substance:

lycorine (RF-00003913-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

8
Internal remarks:

lycorine in bulbs

Composition #3: Kalshnikov, I.D. Alkaloids of Leucojum vernum. chemistry of natural compounds, 1974, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 274. DOI: 10.1007/BF00563649. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

tazettine (RF-00003599-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tazettine in bulb

Composition #4: Kalshnikov, I.D. Alkaloids of Leucojum vernum. chemistry of natural compounds, 1974, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 274. DOI: 10.1007/BF00563649. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

galanthamine (RF-00003399-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

galanthamine in bulb

Composition #5: Marston, A., Kissling, J., Hostettmann, K. A rapid TLC bioautographic method for the detection of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors in plants . phytochemical analysis, 2002, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 51–54. DOI: 10.1002/pca.623. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80 % ethanol
Substance:

physostigmine (RF-00003994-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

physostigmine in bulbs

Composition #6: Marston, A., Kissling, J., Hostettmann, K. A rapid TLC bioautographic method for the detection of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors in plants . phytochemical analysis, 2002, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 51–54. DOI: 10.1002/pca.623. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80 % ethanol
Substance:

galanthamine (RF-00003399-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Galanthamine in bulbs

Composition #7: Szlavik, L., Gyuris, A., Minarovits, J., Forgo, P., Molnar, J., Hohmann, J. Alkaloids from Leucojum vernum and antiretroviral activity of amaryllidaceae alkaloids . planta medica, 2004, vol. 70, no. 9, p. 871–873. DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-827239. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

homolycorine (RF-00003868-PAR)
Additional substance description:

homolycorine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

homolycorine

Composition #8: Szlavik, L., Gyuris, A., Minarovits, J., Forgo, P., Molnar, J., Hohmann, J. Alkaloids from Leucojum vernum and antiretroviral activity of amaryllidaceae alkaloids . planta medica, 2004, vol. 70, no. 9, p. 871–873. DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-827239. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

2-O-acetyllycorine (RF-00003681-PAR)
Additional substance description:

2-O-acetyllycorine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

2-O-acetyllycorine

Composition #9: Szlavik, L., Gyuris, A., Minarovits, J., Forgo, P., Molnar, J., Hohmann, J. Alkaloids from Leucojum vernum and antiretroviral activity of amaryllidaceae alkaloids . planta medica, 2004, vol. 70, no. 9, p. 871–873. DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-827239. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

lycorine (RF-00003913-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

lycorine

Composition #10: Forgo, P., Hohmann, J. Leucovernine and acetylleucovernine, alkaloids from Leucojum vernum. journal of natural products, 2005, vol. 68, no. 11, p. 1588–1591. DOI: 10.1021/np050126f. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH - at room temperature
Substance:

2-O-acetyllycorine (RF-00003681-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV; IR; EIMS; TLC; liquid chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Acetyllycorine in bulb

Composition #11: Forgo, P., Hohmann, J. Leucovernine and acetylleucovernine, alkaloids from Leucojum vernum. journal of natural products, 2005, vol. 68, no. 11, p. 1588–1591. DOI: 10.1021/np050126f. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH - at room temperature
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

leucovernine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV; IR; EIMS; TLC; liquid chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

leucovernine in bulb

Composition #12: Forgo, P., Hohmann, J. Leucovernine and acetylleucovernine, alkaloids from Leucojum vernum. journal of natural products, 2005, vol. 68, no. 11, p. 1588–1591. DOI: 10.1021/np050126f. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

11-hydroxyvittatine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC; liquid chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

11-hydroxyvittatine in bulb

Composition #13: Forgo, P., Hohmann, J. Leucovernine and acetylleucovernine, alkaloids from Leucojum vernum. journal of natural products, 2005, vol. 68, no. 11, p. 1588–1591. DOI: 10.1021/np050126f. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

9-O-demethylhomolycorine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC; liquid chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

9-O-demethylhomolycorine in bulb

Composition #14: Forgo, P., Hohmann, J. Leucovernine and acetylleucovernine, alkaloids from Leucojum vernum. journal of natural products, 2005, vol. 68, no. 11, p. 1588–1591. DOI: 10.1021/np050126f. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

galanthamine (RF-00003399-PAR)
Additional substance description:

derivative: N-demethylgalanthamine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

EIMS; TLC; liquid chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

N-demethylgalanthamine in bulb

Composition #15: Forgo, P., Hohmann, J. Leucovernine and acetylleucovernine, alkaloids from Leucojum vernum. journal of natural products, 2005, vol. 68, no. 11, p. 1588–1591. DOI: 10.1021/np050126f. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

hippeastrine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC; liquid chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

hippeastrine in bulb

Composition #16: VANDAMME, EJM., ALLEN, AK., PEUMANS, WJ. RELATED MANNOSE-SPECIFIC LECTINS FROM DIFFERENT SPECIES OF THE FAMILY AMARYLLIDACEAE . physiologia plantarum, 1988, vol. 73, no. 1, p. 52–57. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Substance:

Lectins (RF-00000439-ORG)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

lectins in bulb