EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Larrea tridentata (Sessé & Moc. ex DC.) Coville

Family:: Zygophyllaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1634
Number of processed references:: 3

Compositions

#1: Lignan (3′-Demethoxy-6-O-demethylisoguaiacin) in leaves #2: Lignans (Dihydroguaiaretic Acid, Didehydrolarreatricin, Enterodiol) in leaves #3: Enterolactone in leaves #4: nordihydroguaiaretic acid in leaves #5: Guaiaretic Acid in leaves #6: Matairesinol in leaves #7: Secoisolariciresinol in leaves

Endpoint Studies

#1: cholestatic hepatitis after 10 weeks exposure, woman #2: severe hepatitis (after exposure for 10 months), woman

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Potential Mechanism of Action of 3'-Demethoxy-6-O-Demethylisoguaiacin on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . european nucleotide archive, 2015 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hexane + CHCl3/MeOH (dried leaves)
Substance:

lignans (RF-00004361-PAR)
Additional substance description:

3′-Demethoxy-6-O-demethylisoguaiacin
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Lignan (3′-Demethoxy-6-O-demethylisoguaiacin) in leaves

Composition #2: OBERMEYER, WR., MUSSER, SM., BETZ, JM., CASEY, RE., POHLAND, AE., PAGE, SW. CHEMICAL STUDIES OF PHYTOESTROGENS AND RELATED-COMPOUNDS IN DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS - FLAX AND CHAPARRAL . proceedings of the society for experimental biology and medicine, 1995, vol. 208, no. 1, p. 6–12. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

lignans (RF-00004361-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Dihydroguaiaretic Acid, Didehydrolarreatricin, Enterodiol
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Lignans (Dihydroguaiaretic Acid, Didehydrolarreatricin, Enterodiol) in leaves

Composition #3: OBERMEYER, WR., MUSSER, SM., BETZ, JM., CASEY, RE., POHLAND, AE., PAGE, SW. CHEMICAL STUDIES OF PHYTOESTROGENS AND RELATED-COMPOUNDS IN DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS - FLAX AND CHAPARRAL . proceedings of the society for experimental biology and medicine, 1995, vol. 208, no. 1, p. 6–12. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Enterolactone (RF-00009145-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Enterolactone in leaves

Composition #4: OBERMEYER, WR., MUSSER, SM., BETZ, JM., CASEY, RE., POHLAND, AE., PAGE, SW. CHEMICAL STUDIES OF PHYTOESTROGENS AND RELATED-COMPOUNDS IN DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS - FLAX AND CHAPARRAL . proceedings of the society for experimental biology and medicine, 1995, vol. 208, no. 1, p. 6–12. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

nordihydroguaiaretic acid (RF-00003949-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5-10
Internal remarks:

nordihydroguaiaretic acid in leaves

Composition #5: OBERMEYER, WR., MUSSER, SM., BETZ, JM., CASEY, RE., POHLAND, AE., PAGE, SW. CHEMICAL STUDIES OF PHYTOESTROGENS AND RELATED-COMPOUNDS IN DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS - FLAX AND CHAPARRAL . proceedings of the society for experimental biology and medicine, 1995, vol. 208, no. 1, p. 6–12. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

(-)-guaiaretic acid (RF-00003413-PAR)
Additional substance description:

also guaiaretic acid diquinone
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Guaiaretic Acid in leaves

Composition #6: OBERMEYER, WR., MUSSER, SM., BETZ, JM., CASEY, RE., POHLAND, AE., PAGE, SW. CHEMICAL STUDIES OF PHYTOESTROGENS AND RELATED-COMPOUNDS IN DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS - FLAX AND CHAPARRAL . proceedings of the society for experimental biology and medicine, 1995, vol. 208, no. 1, p. 6–12. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

matairesinol (RF-00000331-NTR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Matairesinol in leaves

Composition #7: OBERMEYER, WR., MUSSER, SM., BETZ, JM., CASEY, RE., POHLAND, AE., PAGE, SW. CHEMICAL STUDIES OF PHYTOESTROGENS AND RELATED-COMPOUNDS IN DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS - FLAX AND CHAPARRAL . proceedings of the society for experimental biology and medicine, 1995, vol. 208, no. 1, p. 6–12. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

secoisolarisiresinol (RF-00000390-NTR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Secoisolariciresinol in leaves

Endpoint study #1: Ravichandiran, V., Satish, P.V. A review on hepatotoxicity of phytomedicines. international journal of pharmacognosy and phytochemical research, 2013, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 186–191. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Additional plant/substance description:

Leaves, stems and bark for brewing tea
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Female
Exposure duration:

10.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Week (G205A)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per day (G209A)
Effect concentration:

160
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

cholestatic hepatitis (Liver biopsy showed acute inflammation with neutrophil and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, hepatic disarray and necrosis)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

cholestatic hepatitis after 10 weeks exposure, woman

Endpoint study #2: Ravichandiran, V., Satish, P.V. A review on hepatotoxicity of phytomedicines. international journal of pharmacognosy and phytochemical research, 2013, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 186–191. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Additional plant/substance description:

Leaves, stems and bark for brewing tea
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

10.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Month (G206A)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

severe hepatitis as a result of a long term exposure shown by increase in the levels of liver enzymes
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

severe hepatitis (after exposure for 10 months), woman